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It describes experiments using juvenile rats, analyzing ultrasonic chirps generated during playful rough-and-tumble behavior, and shows inhibition by fear. Sudden bright lights, rough handling, and especially predator urine suppress the chirping. The authors connect positive affect in rats to human laughter, suggesting shared neurobiology and proposing a new approach for studying joy and positive emotional consciousness in mammals.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/laughing-rats-playful-tickling-arouses-high-frequency-ultrasonic-chirping-in-young-rodents/591509/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/laughing-rats-playful-tickling-arouses-high-frequency-ultrasonic-chirping-in-young-rodents/591509.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"supergirl","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What causes rats to produce the high-frequency chirping discussed in the article?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The article reports that playful tickling during the juvenile period provokes ultrasonic chirping. The chirps occur during playful rough-and-tumble bouts and can be evoked by vigorous bodily stimulation.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does fear affect the rat “laughter” vocalizations?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Fear suppresses playfulness and precludes the chirping. The article cites sudden bright lights, rough handling, and—most strongly—the smell of a predator’s urine as inhibitory factors.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why do the authors compare rat chirping to human laughter?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The authors find analogies between the vocalizations during play and human laughter. They interpret tickling as a positive incentive state and propose that studying this response may help uncover neural mechanisms of joy and positive emotional consciousness.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},591509,1792189746,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36,"preview_page_count":4},962088121634,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Laughing Rats?  \nPlayful Tickling Arouses High-Frequency Ultrasonic Chirping in Young Rodents  \n•  \nJaak Panksepp and Jeffrey Burgdorf  \nIn this reprint of a seminal article, once considered quite controversial, the authors discuss their radical claim that rats laugh. Even more provocative, the authors found that this rat-joy sound, especially evident during play, could be amplified dramatically by what they formally call heterospecific (cross-species) handplay (tickling). The authors tickled rats during the most playful juvenile period of their development (older rats sometimes resisted tickling), then studied the ultrasonic chirping the rats produced in response. When analyzed, these vocalizations, occurring during playful rough-and-tumble bouts, suggested analogies to human laughter. The authors also found that fear inhibits playfulness and precludes laughter in rats: sudden, startling bright lights and rough handling reduces the chirping, but even more than these, the smell of a predator’s urine suppresses rat “laughter.”The similar positive emotional responses evident in humans and rats suggests a shared brain anatomy and similar neurochemistry, which, in turn, suggests new ways to investigate the ancient origin of human laughter. This article was the first publication to summarize the full set of groundbreaking experiments that changed the way many researchers and scholars consider animal feelings, human nature, and the field of play.  \nPrologue: on the Discovery of “Laughter” in Rats  \nLaughter is a simple and robust indicator of joyful social affect. All too commonly, it is considered to be a unique emotional capacity of humans and, perhaps, a few other higher primates. If more primitive mammals also exhibit such emotional responses, it would suggest that joyful affect emerged much  \nReprinted from Hameroff, Stuart, Alfred Kaszniak, and David Chalmers, eds., Toward a Science of Consciousness III: The Third Tucson Discussions and Debates, 231–44, ©1999 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, by permission of The MIT Press.  \n© 2010 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois  \nearlier within mammalian brain evolution than is generally believed. In this article, we summarize the discovery of a primitive form of“laughter” in rats, and we provide convergent evidence and argumentation that a study of this response may help us decipher the neural basis of joy and positive emotional consciousness within the mammalian brain.  \nThe stylistic approach used in this article is somewhat unique—namely, a traditional scientific report sandwiched between a short prologue and epilogue. We do this to share the full text of the manuscript of our initial discovery—a contribution that was rejected by the journal Nature in September 1997, leaving us concerned, once more, over the scientific openness of our present era. One reviewer did enthusiastically support our efforts (accepting this contribution with no major changes as a “scientifically sound” set of studies), while another rejected it outright on the basis of minor methodological concerns. Atthe conclusion of a harsh review, he asserted that “This is an interesting idea accompanied by some rather bad experiments. So even though the authors’conclusions may be right, it doesn’t get a lot of help from the data. I am not sure that even better-controlled experiments would be more convincing to all readers.” Even after we pointed out that most of our “flaws” were largely misinterpretations, the editor refused to reconsider his decision. Now, after a year of additional work and the worldwide broadcasting of our findings in the popular press following the Tucson III meeting (e.g., see New Scientist, May 2, 1998 [14] and People magazine, June 15, 1998 [105], as well as cameo appearances in Believe it or Not and News of the Weird), we continue to believe that our interpretation of this robust tickling-induced vocal phenomenon in young rats is on the right track. Accordingly, we now s","cbCaiic3aC4qAtpf","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiic3aC4qAtpf","pdf",443566,16,"English","# Prologue: on the Discovery of \"Laughter\" in Rats\n## Laughter as a marker of joyful social affect\n# Summary of discovery and evidence\n## Heterospecific tickling and juvenile play\n## Fear inhibition and predator urine effects\n# Original findings submitted to Nature\n## Abstract: rationale, methods, and results","[{\"question\":\"What causes rats to produce the high-frequency chirping discussed in the article?\",\"answer\":\"The article reports that playful tickling during the juvenile period provokes ultrasonic chirping. The chirps occur during playful rough-and-tumble bouts and can be evoked by vigorous bodily stimulation.\"},{\"question\":\"How does fear affect the rat “laughter” vocalizations?\",\"answer\":\"Fear suppresses playfulness and precludes the chirping. The article cites sudden bright lights, rough handling, and—most strongly—the smell of a predator’s urine as inhibitory factors.\"},{\"question\":\"Why do the authors compare rat chirping to human laughter?\",\"answer\":\"The authors find analogies between the vocalizations during play and human laughter. They interpret tickling as a positive incentive state and propose that studying this response may help uncover neural mechanisms of joy and positive emotional consciousness.\"}]","Laughing Rats? - Playful Tickling Arouses High-Frequency Ultrasonic Chirping in Young Rodents | PDF",1792072627]