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The review addresses equity gaps in higher education leadership, noting persistent underrepresentation in executive ranks and the role of systemic exclusion shaped by whiteness and racism. Three themes organize findings around identity-based differences, environmental and structural conditions, and leadership pathways. Research and practice implications are provided to inform decision-makers and scholars.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/latinxao-senior-leaders-in-us-higher-education-a-systematic-review-of-the-literature/590222/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/latinxao-senior-leaders-in-us-higher-education-a-systematic-review-of-the-literature/590222.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Adam","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How many studies were included in the systematic literature review?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The review examined 57 pieces of scholarship focused on the experiences of senior Latinx/a/o leaders in postsecondary education.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What are the three major themes identified in the literature?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The review identifies three themes: scholarship on individual traits and identity-based differences; research on environmental and structural conditions shaping leaders’ realities; and literature describing leadership pathways.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the article define “senior leaders” in higher education?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Senior leaders are defined as individuals holding or having held executive leadership roles at U.S. postsecondary institutions. Roles include academic and student affairs administrative appointments such as senior directors, deans, vice presidents, provosts, and presidents/chancellors/CEOs.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},590222,1792189748,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1374404737137,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","AERA Open  \nJanuary-December 2024, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 1–17 DOI: 10. 1177/23328584241242752  \nArticle reuse guidelines: [sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)© The Author(s) 2024. [https://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero](https://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero)  \nLatinx/a/o Senior Leaders in U.S Higher Education: A Systematic  \nReview of the Literature  \nJorge Burmicky  \nHoward University  \nAntonio Duran  \nArizona State University  \nNatalie Muñoz  \nRutgers University  \nLatinx/a/o senior leaders remain underrepresented in the executive ranks, and more research is needed to adequately address equity gaps in higher education leadership. By employing a systematic literature review approach, we examined 57 pieces of scholarship that focused on the experiences of senior Latinx/a/o leaders in postsecondary education. This exploration was aimed at equipping higher education scholars and practitioners with the tools to understand how Latinx/a/o leaders navigate challenges and opportunities in higher education. We identified three major themes: 1) scholarship focusing on individual traits and important identity-based differences; 2) research describing the environmental and structural conditions that shape these leaders’realities; and 3) literature describing these individuals’ leadership pathways. As an effort to make this body of work more accessible to researchers and decision-makers, we provided implications for research and practice to shape the field of Latinx/a/o leadership in higher education.  \nKeywords: higher education, Hispanic, Latino/a, leadership, secondary data analysis, systematic literature review  \nAlthough Latinx/a/o student enrollment and graduation rates are increasing across postsecondary education (HACU, 2022), Latinx/a/o senior1 leaders remain underrepresented throughout the executive ranks of colleges and universities (Quezada & Martinez, 2021) . According to Melidona and colleagues (2023), Latinx/a/o college presidents (i.e., those at community colleges, technical colleges, and bachelor’s degree–granting institutions) represent less than 6% of all presidencies compared to 73% for Whites. Latinx/a/o faculty also represent less than 6% of full-time faculty compared to 73% for Whites (National Center for Education Statistics, 2023) . Demographic data on senior leaders has been difficult to track as not all institutions have the same definitions for senior-level roles. However, most reports written on Latinx/a/o leadership highlight racial underrepresentation across the leadership ranks and not just the presidency and the professoriate (Excelencia in Education, 2017) .  \nMoreover, these gaps remain persistent across institutional types and are further magnified when accounting for gender identity, with less representation among women and  \nnonbinary Latinx/a/o leaders (Burmicky, 2022a) . This phenomenon poses a threat to our collective efforts to ensure that all students see themselves reflected at the highest levels of educational leadership (González, 2021) . Furthermore, racial underrepresentation in senior leadership reveals systemic inequities embedded in the leadership pipeline by acknowledging the role that whiteness and racism play in shaping higher education leadership (Bensimon & Associates, 2022; Harris, 2019) .  \nEquity gaps in higher education leadership are not coincidental and have instead been enacted by design (Burmicky, 2022b) . These inequities are the consequence of the history of systemic exclusion of racially and ethnically minoritized people in the United States, such as the case of Latinx/a/o communities in higher education. According to León and Martínez (2013), a great deal of research on Latinx/a/o leadership only became possible once a few Latinx/a/os began to hold significant leadership positions in the past two decades. Even though scholars have recently begun to explore Latinx/ a/o senior leaders in higher education (Ort","cbCaicGGttKoOwih","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicGGttKoOwih","pdf",741297,17,"English","# Overview\n## Purpose and scope\n## Research questions\n## Major themes\n# Background and equity gaps\n## Underrepresentation in executive ranks\n## Structural inequities and leadership pipeline\n# Study definitions\n## Who counts as senior leaders\n## Types of roles included","[{\"question\":\"How many studies were included in the systematic literature review?\",\"answer\":\"The review examined 57 pieces of scholarship focused on the experiences of senior Latinx/a/o leaders in postsecondary education.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the three major themes identified in the literature?\",\"answer\":\"The review identifies three themes: scholarship on individual traits and identity-based differences; research on environmental and structural conditions shaping leaders’ realities; and literature describing leadership pathways.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the article define “senior leaders” in higher education?\",\"answer\":\"Senior leaders are defined as individuals holding or having held executive leadership roles at U.S. postsecondary institutions. Roles include academic and student affairs administrative appointments such as senior directors, deans, vice presidents, provosts, and presidents/chancellors/CEOs.\"}]","Latinx/a/o Senior Leaders in U.S Higher Education: A Systematic Review of the Literature | PDF",1792069107,43]