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Locutionary act refers to the literal words, illocutionary act to the intended function, and perlocutionary act to the effect on the listener.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},301089,1789779188,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & 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Features:\n\nLanguage is a structured system of communication using symbols(spoken,written,or signed)to convey meaning.  \n## Key Features:\n\n·Arbitrariness:No inherent connection between words and meanings(e.g.,\"tree\"does not resemble an actual tree).  \n·Duality of Structure:Sound units(phonemes)combine to formwords;words combine to form sentences.  \n·Creativity/Productivity:Infinite novel sentences can be created andunderstood.  \n·Displacement:Ability to talk about things not present in time orspace.  \n·Cultural Transmission:Language is passed socially,not genetically.  \n\n| Branch   | Definition   | Focus Areas   | Example   |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Phonetics   | Studies the physical  \u003Cbr>production and  \u003Cbr>perception of  \u003Cbr>speech sounds   | Articulation,  \u003Cbr>acoustic features,  \u003Cbr>auditory  \u003Cbr>perception.   | How/t/is  \u003Cbr>produced in “top.”   |\n| Phonology   | Examines how  \u003Cbr>sounds are  \u003Cbr>organized and  \u003Cbr>patterned within a  \u003Cbr>language   | Phonemes,stress,  \u003Cbr>intonation,  \u003Cbr>syllable structure.   | /p/vs/b/in“pat”  \u003Cbr>vs “bat.”   |\n| Morphology   | Study of the  \u003Cbr>structure of words.   | Morphemes  \u003Cbr>(roots,prefixes,  \u003Cbr>suffixes),word  \u003Cbr>formation.   | “Unbreakable”=  \u003Cbr>un-+break+-able.   |\n\n\n| Branch   | Definition   | Focus Areas   | Example   |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Syntax   | Study of sentence  \u003Cbr>structure and  \u003Cbr>grammatical rules.   | Phrase structure,  \u003Cbr>sentence formation,word  \u003Cbr>order.   | “The cat sat on the  \u003Cbr>mat.”   |\n| Semantics   | Study of meaning in  \u003Cbr>language.   | Word meanings,  \u003Cbr>denotation/connotation,  \u003Cbr>semantic fields.   | \"Bank\"(financial vs  \u003Cbr>river bank).   |\n| Pragmatics   | Study of language use  \u003Cbr>in context.   | Speech acts,deixis,  \u003Cbr>implicature,  \u003Cbr>conversational meaning.   | \"Can you pass the  \u003Cbr>salt?\"implies a  \u003Cbr>request.   |\n| Discourse   | Study of extended  \u003Cbr>communication  \u003Cbr>beyond sentence level.   | Coherence,cohesion,  \u003Cbr>discourse types  \u003Cbr>(narrative,expository,  \u003Cbr>etc.).   | A story or an  \u003Cbr>academic article's  \u003Cbr>structure.   |\n\n# Phonetics\n\nPhonetics is the branch of linguistics that studies the physical sounds ofhuman speech;how they are produced,transmitted,and perceived.  \n# Major Branches of Phonetics:\n\n.Articulatory Phonetics:How speech sounds are produced using vocalorgans.  \n.Acoustic Phonetics:The physical properties of sounds(like frequencyand amplitude).  \n.Auditory Phonetics:How speech sounds are heard and interpreted bythe ear and brain.  \n# What are Speech Acts?\n\nSpeech Acts are utterances that perform actions or functions in communication(e.g.,apologizing,promising,ordering).  \n# Key Linguists\n\n·J.L.Austin:Introduced Speech Act Theory in How to Do Things with Words.  \n·John Searle:Extended Austin's work;classified types of illocutionary acts.  \n\n| Type   | Meaning   |\n| --- | --- |\n| Locutionary Act   | The actual words spoken and their literal meaning.(e.g.,  \u003Cbr>uttering the words \"I promise\").   |\n| Illocutionary Act   | The intended function behind the words(e.g.,command,  \u003Cbr>promise).   |\n| Perlocutionary Act   | The effect the utterance has on the listener(e.g.  \u003Cbr>persuading,scaring).   |\n\n# Phonetics,Phonology &Pronunciation\n\n\n| Term   | Definition   |\n| --- | --- |\n| Phoneme   | Smallest unit of sound(e.g.,/p/vs/b/).   |\n| Grapheme   | Smallest unit of written language.   |\n| Orthoepy   | Correct pronunciation of words.   |\n| Syncope   | Loss of vowel from the middle of a word(e.g.,\"cam(e)ra\"→  \u003Cbr>\"camra\").   |\n| Aphaeresis   | Dropping a sound from the beginning(e.g.,\"around\"→  \u003Cbr>\"round\").   |\n| Cooing   | Early vowel-like sounds made by infants.   |\n| Babbling   | Repetitive CV combinations by infants(e.g.,\"ba\",\"da\").   |\n\n# Morphology &Word Formation\n\n\n| Term   | Definition   |\n| --- | --- |\n| Morpheme   | Smallest grammatical unit(e.g.,-ed,un-).   |\n| Lexeme   | Base unit of","cbCaiesrOeewbmB8","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiesrOeewbmB8","pdf",1760644,31,"English","# Language and Its Features\n## Key Features\n# Phonetics\n## Major Branches of Phonetics\n# What are Speech Acts?\n## Key Linguists\n# Phonetics, Phonology & Pronunciation\n# Morphology & Word Formation\n# Syntax & Sentence Structure\n## Difference between Morpheme and Sememe?","[{\"question\":\"What are the main features of language described in UNITV?\",\"answer\":\"The text lists arbitrariness, duality of structure, creativity/productivity, displacement, and cultural transmission as key features of language.\"},{\"question\":\"Which branches are covered under the study of language structure and sounds?\",\"answer\":\"It introduces phonetics (articulatory, acoustic, auditory), phonology, morphology, and then extends to syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and discourse.\"},{\"question\":\"What are speech acts, and what do locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts mean?\",\"answer\":\"Speech acts are utterances that perform actions in communication. Locutionary act refers to the literal words, illocutionary act to the intended function, and perlocutionary act to the effect on the listener.\"}]","Language and Its Features - UNITV - Language | PDF",78]