[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-141073-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":75,"doc-detail-141073-en":125},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":68,"head_meta":70,"extra_data":72,"updated_unix":74},105,"en","lab-to-lab-scientific-collaborations-between-los-alamos-and-arzamas-16-using-explosive-driven-flux-compression-generators-related-topics","Lab-to-Lab Scientific Collaborations Between Los Alamos and Arzamas-16 Using Explosive-Driven Flux Compression Generators - Related Topics","","Focus on explosive-driven flux compression as a method to generate ultra-high magnetic fields far hotter than prior electromagnetic efforts. Describes an international context spanning the 1965 Frascati conference and later Russian-American collaboration, highlighting Max Fowler’s pursuit of megagauss fields and the Soviet program’s early origins. Traces Soviet advances at Arzamas-16, including generators producing megagauss fields and very large currents, and explains why shared technical scope fueled later cooperative research despite limited conference participation.",{"@graph":14,"@context":67},[15,34,50],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/lab-to-lab-scientific-collaborations-between-los-alamos-and-arzamas-16-using-explosive-driven-flux-compression-generators-related-topics/141073/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"author":36,"headline":10,"publisher":39,"fileFormat":42,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":43,"datePublished":44,"encodingFormat":42,"isAccessibleForFree":45,"interactionStatistic":46},"DigitalDocument",{"name":37,"@type":38},"Ezra","Person",{"url":19,"name":40,"@type":41},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-11","2026-08-25",true,{"@type":47,"interactionType":48,"userInteractionCount":30},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":49},"ViewAction",{"@type":51,"mainEntity":52},"FAQPage",[53,59,63],{"name":54,"@type":55,"acceptedAnswer":56},"What is explosive-driven flux compression, and why is it important?","Question",{"text":57,"@type":58},"Explosive-driven flux compression rapidly converts energy into magnetic fields or currents, enabling research with megagauss-level field strengths.","Answer",{"name":60,"@type":55,"acceptedAnswer":61},"Which teams and sites were central to the Los Alamos–Arzamas-16 collaboration?",{"text":62,"@type":58},"Los Alamos researchers collaborated with Soviet scientists from Arzamas-16, the site of the All-Russian (VNIIEF) experimental physics institute.",{"name":64,"@type":55,"acceptedAnswer":65},"How did the Soviet magnetic-flux compression program begin, and what role did Sakharov play?",{"text":66,"@type":58},"The program traces back to Sakharov’s early sketches for compressing magnetic flux and generating high fields or currents, which helped launch sustained generator development.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":69,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":40,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":71,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":73,"site_id":7},141073,1787648493,{"code":4,"msg":76,"data":77},"success",[78,82,86,90,95,100,105,109,114,117,121],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":79,"show_sort_weight":80,"slug":81},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":83,"show_sort_weight":84,"slug":85},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":87,"show_sort_weight":88,"slug":89},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":91,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},8,30,"research-report",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":115,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":116},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":119,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":120},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":122,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":123,"show_sort_weight":91,"slug":124},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":76,"data":126},{"doc_id":73,"user_id":127,"nickname":37,"user_avatar":128,"doc_module":4,"category_id":106,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":129,"file_id":130,"file_url":131,"file_type":132,"file_size":133,"view_count":30,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":134,"language":135,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":136,"faqs":137,"seo_title":138,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":74,"read_time":93},1099514068035,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","In the midst of a cold Russian winter, these Russian and American experimentalists attempted to produce a plasma that was one hundred times  \nhotter than the surface  \nof the sun.  \n48 Los Alamos Science Number 24 1996  \nLab-to-Lab   \nScientific Collaborations Between Los Alamos and Arzamas-16 Using Explosive-Driven Flux Compression Generators  \nStephen Younger, Irvin Lindemuth, Robert Reinovsky, C. Maxwell Fowler, James Goforth, and Carl Ekdahl  \nThe first international conference netic fields above 10 megagauss (mega means of achieving thermonuclear fu  \non Megagauss Magnetic Field = 106) . By comparison, the Earth’s sion (the process by which the sun pro  \nGeneration and Related Topics magnetic field is about 0.5 gauss, and duces energy), which might make availwas held in 1965 in Frascati, Italy. By that of an ordinary refrigerator magnet able to the world an unlimited energy then, Max Fowler, source. Even without Wray Garn, and Bob that exceptionally Caird had already practical goal, Fowler spent the better part and his team recogof eight years pro- nized that ultrahigh ducing megagauss magnetic fields and magnetic fields. The intense electrical cursmall group of Los rents could find apAlamos scientists had plication in the study pioneered a technique of phenomena rangcalled magnetic-flux ing from material compression, which properties to x-ray takes the energy generation.  \nstored in the chemi- While thumbing cal bonds of high ex- through the abstracts plosives and converts submitted to that it to magnetic field 1965 conference, energy. The energy Fowler, to his suris then delivered to prise, noticed that an experiment as a some were from the pulse of either ex- A smiling Steve Younger congratulates Russian delegation leader Alexander Soviet Union. Nine  \ntremely strong mag- Bykov after the success of the first, collaborative, nonweapons-related scientific teen scientists were netic field or ex- experiment to be carried out on U.S. soil. The experiment, performed by Russian represented in eight  \ntremely large nuclear-weapon scientists and their Los Alamos counterparts, occurred in De- abstracts, and the So  \nelectrical current. cember 1993. On the left is Russian translator Elena Gerdova. viets were going to  \nAlthough the Los discuss the generation Alamos magnetic-flux compression ef- about 10 gauss. of megagauss fields by the technique of  \nfort was relatively modest, Fowler and One of Fowler’s motivations for magnetic-flux compression.  \nhis team had achieved considerable suc- building these devices was to use the “That was the first time I had seen  \ncess at building flux compression gen- enormous field to contain or compress a anything of their work.” said Fowler. erators and had already produced mag- plasma. This compression could be a “We had certainly never met any of  \nNumber 24 1996 Los Alamos Science 49  \nLab-to-Lab Scientific Interactions  \nA time sequence of an explosive-driven, magnetic-flux compression experiment performed at the Ancho Canyon site in Los Alamos. The time elapsed between the firstand last photos is on the order of fifty milliseconds.  \nthem. It was strange, because their work seemed to be of the same scope as ours, and they were alluding to the same problems and the same solutions.”  \nBut the papers referenced by those abstracts were never submitted to the conference. No Soviet scientists attended, and the international community was left with only a tantalizing glimpse of the Soviet research program.  \nThe Russian Magnetic-Flux Compression Program  \nWe now know that the Soviet work had begun as early as 1951 when Andrei Sakharov, one of the premier scientists of the Soviet nuclear weapons program and winner of the 1975 Nobel Prize for peace, had sketched out an idea for compressing magnetic flux and generating high fields or currents. Like Fowler, Sakharov was seeking a means to achieve thermonuclear fusion, and he helped identify several schemes in which high magnetic fields could potentially help the fusion proc","cbCaiczn2IXNEaoJ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiczn2IXNEaoJ","pdf",691813,24,"English","# Lab-to-Lab\n## Scientific Collaborations Between Los Alamos and Arzamas-16\n## Explosive-Driven Flux Compression Generators\n# The Russian Magnetic-Flux Compression Program\n## Early origins and Sakharov’s ideas\n## Development at Arzamas-16 and key generators\n# The Russian-American PulsedPower Collaborations","[{\"question\":\"What is explosive-driven flux compression, and why is it important?\",\"answer\":\"Explosive-driven flux compression rapidly converts energy into magnetic fields or currents, enabling research with megagauss-level field strengths.\"},{\"question\":\"Which teams and sites were central to the Los Alamos–Arzamas-16 collaboration?\",\"answer\":\"Los Alamos researchers collaborated with Soviet scientists from Arzamas-16, the site of the All-Russian (VNIIEF) experimental physics institute.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the Soviet magnetic-flux compression program begin, and what role did Sakharov play?\",\"answer\":\"The program traces back to Sakharov’s early sketches for compressing magnetic flux and generating high fields or currents, which helped launch sustained generator development.\"}]","Lab-to-Lab Scientific Collaborations Between Los Alamos and Arzamas-16 Using Explosive-Driven Flux Compression Generators - Related Topics | PDF"]