[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-295415-105":59,"doc-detail-295415-en":123},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":116,"head_meta":118,"extra_data":120,"updated_unix":122},105,"en","kuwait-driving-cycle-generation-using-micro-trip-combination-optimization-method-based-on-wltc","Kuwait Driving Cycle Generation Using Micro-Trip Combination Optimization Method Based on WLTC","","Despite Kuwait’s relatively low population, the country shows the highest vehicle ownership rate within GCC and a high global ranking, making transport emissions a major contributor to global warming and local pollution. For internal combustion engine vehicles, emissions depend strongly on the driving profile, yet Kuwait lacks an official driving cycle. This work generates a Kuwait driving cycle using WLTC phase speed scaling and nonlinear optimization with measured data from three vehicles, enabling future emissions and fuel-economy analysis.",{"@graph":69,"@context":115},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/kuwait-driving-cycle-generation-using-micro-trip-combination-optimization-method-based-on-wltc/295415/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/kuwait-driving-cycle-generation-using-micro-trip-combination-optimization-method-based-on-wltc/295415.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Dozel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-18",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What data and tools are used for the driving cycle generation?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The study measures more than 1200 km of data using Matlab Mobile in three vehicles, then analyzes the results using Matlab software.","Answer","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":117,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":119,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":121,"site_id":62},295415,1789718714,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":124},{"doc_id":121,"user_id":125,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":126,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":127,"file_id":128,"file_url":129,"file_type":130,"file_size":131,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":132,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":133,"faqs":134,"seo_title":135,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":122,"read_time":136,"preview_page_count":4},962085662650,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Murat Otkur et al. / International Journal of Automotive Engineering  \nVol.14, No.2(2023)  \nResearch Paper  \n20234204  \nKuwait Driving Cycle Generation Using Micro-Trip Combination Optimization Method Based on WLTC  \nMurat Otkur Mohammad Doust  \nCollege of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait  \n([Email: Murat.Otkur@aum.edu.kw](Email: Murat.Otkur@aum.edu.kw), [39045@aum.edu.kw](39045@aum.edu.kw))  \nReceived on October 11 , 2022  \nABSTRACT: Albeit the low population of Kuwait (World Ranking 129), vehicle ownership percentage is the highest in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and 29th in world raking. Therefore, transport vehicle emissions effect is importantly high and must be taken into consideration in order to fight with the Global Warming and pollution effects. For Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) propelled vehicles, generated emissions strongly depend on the driving profile. Despite the low surface area of Kuwait, percentage of dessert areas with no / limited road infrastructure is significantly high resulting to extreme traffic jam conditions especially in the Capital Governate (Kuwait City) . Considering the peculiar traffic conditions in Kuwait, in order to make valuable emissions analysis research, there is a clear need for driving cycle generation for Kuwait. Within this study, more than 1200 km of data is measured using Matlab Mobile in 3 different vehicles and analyzed using Matlab software. Kuwait driving cycle is generated employing Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC), based on targeting to achieve similar vehicle speed vs acceleration profiles via making vehicle speed scaling for each phase of the WLTC. Total length of the cycle is kept constant. Generated Kuwait driving cycle profile can be used for emissions and fuel economy analysis as a future work.  \nKEY WORDS: Kuwait, driving cycle generation, nonlinear optimization [A1]  \n1. Introduction  \nAs of 2022, there has not been an official driving cycle for Kuwait which generates a drawback for the researchers studying in the field of transportation vehicles. Within this perspective this study proposes Kuwait Driving Cycle (DC) for the first time in literature. As a novelty in the DC generation methodology the phases of an official cycle have been modified as a result of the nonlinear multivariable function optimization in order to meet the average acceleration and vehicle speed profiles of the vehicle measurements taken in Kuwait.  \nEmissions and fuel consumption of a vehicle are strongly affected by the driving profile. While traveling between two locations, depending on the average speed and acceleration values, the work performed by the prime mover of the vehicle may significantly vary. Therefore, it is of vital importance to make the analysis using appropriate driving profile which is called as driving cycle according to automotive terminology. A DC is a time dependent series vehicle speed data, that represent the driving behavior for real-world conditions (1) . DCs are not only used to certify vehicle by the certification authorities before selling the first unit, but also used to calculate and advertise vehicle fuel economy and emission performance by the automotive companies. Moreover, they are used to check vehicle emissions and fuel economy for confirmation of production and in-use conformity tests to ensure that the produced vehicles are performing according to certification test results.  \nConsidering the use purpose, classification of DCs can be made as follows: Legislative and non-legislative(2) . Legislative DCs are used in all kind of official certification and conformity tests such as New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) is basically used European Union and there is a transition to the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) and Federal Test  \nProcedure (FTP) 75 is used in North America. Non-legislative DCs are generally location specific such as Tehran (2), Istanbul (3)","cbCaijGX5s3tSMAH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijGX5s3tSMAH","pdf",897900,"English","# Introduction\n## Driving cycles and their importance\n## Classification of driving cycles\n## State-of-the-art driving cycle generation methods","[{\"question\":\"What data and tools are used for the driving cycle generation?\",\"answer\":\"The study measures more than 1200 km of data using Matlab Mobile in three vehicles, then analyzes the results using Matlab software.\"}]","Kuwait Driving Cycle Generation Using Micro-Trip Combination Optimization Method Based on WLTC | PDF",18]