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It introduces a clear reading method using kanji with furigana plus romaji, explains how only one common reading is selected, and shows how parts-of-speech tags, frequency notes, and Genki/JLPT references are used. 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Luckily, there are great resources to learn from, including WaniKani, DuoLingo and Genki. These resources help you learn using various approaches, such as audial and kinaesthetic techniques ( [e.g. games](e.g. games)).  \nKuma Learn offers you a visual approach to learning Japanese vocabulary. Some words lend themselves well to visual presentation and that’s why we’ve made you a picture dictionary for Japanese: Kumadex.  \nWe looked at frequently occurring words [*] to select 50 JLPT-N5 words in this mini-eBook. They’re only a fraction of all the words in the Japanese language but I hope it serves as a useful guide. If you like this eBook, do sign up to the newsletter! [www.kumalearn.com/newsletter](www.kumalearn.com/newsletter).  \n* See Acknowledgements: Centre for Translation Studies, Leeds University.  \nKumadex, [kumalearn.com](kumalearn.com)—Version 4  \n2  \n Kuma Learn  \nKUMADEX  \nLearn 25 JLPT-N4 Vocab with Pictures   \nby Mario Hayashi, Kuma Learn  \nHow to read this eBook  \nImage  \nPhotograph to help you learn the Japanese word.  \nWord  \nThe Japanese word, in kanji with one reading in furigana (hiragana to help you read kanji) . The reading is also written in romaji, or romanised Japanese, for convenience.  \nOnly one reading is shown. Some words have multiple readings but we focus on the common reading to make it easier for you to learn.  \nTags  \nWords are labelled with parts of speech (noun, verb, adjective, etc.), how common the reading is and where they might appear (Genki, JLPT) .  \nMeanings  \nWords can have several meanings. Some words have over ten meanings. But we’ve focused on the top three to five, so that it’s easier for you to learn.  \nKumadex, [kumalearn.com](kumalearn.com)—Version 4  \n4  \n Kuma Learn  \nHow age affects describing wo/men    \nHow you describe a woman or man is often based on their age. To describe a girl or boy, ⼥の⼦ ( onna-no-ko) and男の⼦ (otoko-no-ko) are used, respectively; a young woman is anお姉さん( onee-san), while a young man is an お兄さん(onii-san); a middle-aged woman is anおばさん(oba-san); a middle-aged man is anおじさん(oji-san). ⼥性(jo-sei),男性(dan-sei) and ⽅ (kata) are neutral ways to describe women and men .  \n⼥の⼦ and男の⼦ are used for children up to their teenage years .お嬢さん(ojou-san) andお坊ちゃん(obo-cchan) are used too but they can connote “brat” so be careful!  \nKumadex, [kumalearn.com](kumalearn.com)—Version 4  \n5  \n Kuma Learn  \nHow age affects describing wo/men    \nお姉さん( onee-san) andお兄さん(onii-san) become  \nおばさん(oba-san) andおじさん(oji-san), respectively, somewhere between age 30 and 40. Think ofit in literal terms:お姉さんmeans sister andおばさんmeans aunt; most people become an aunt between age 30 and 40. The transition between brother and uncle is similar. Be careful withおばさんandおじさん, which suggest “middle-aged”. Many place value on youth and you could offend by suggesting someone is middle-aged. Refrain from using おばさんandおじさんto address someone you don’t know. However, those familiar with the nuances might use them to joke around with friends (calling someone onii-san)!  \nKumadex, [kumalearn.com](kumalearn.com)—Version 4  \n6  \n Kuma Learn  \nHow age affects describing wo/men  \nKumadex, [kumalearn.com](kumalearn.com)—Version 4  \n7  \n Kuma Learn  \nHow age affects describing wo/men  \nKumadex, [kumalearn.com](kumalearn.com)—Version 4  \n8  \n Kuma Learn  \nHow age affects describing wo/men  \nKumadex, [kumalearn.com](kumalearn.com)—Version 4  \n9  \n Kuma Learn  \nJLPT-N4 Vocab  \nKumadex, [kumalearn.com](kumalearn.com)—Version 4  \n10  Kuma Learn","cbCaifjWdlFO8rew","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifjWdlFO8rew","pdf",10480443,22,"English","# Introduction\n## How to read this eBook\n## Age-related vocabulary for describing women and men\n# JLPT-N4 Vocab","[{\"question\":\"How does age affect the Japanese words used to describe women and men?\",\"answer\":\"The eBook explains that different terms are chosen depending on age, such as 〜の子 for younger children and terms like お姉さん/お兄さん versus おばさん/おじさん for later ages. It also warns about connotations and social sensitivity when addressing people you do not know.\"}]","Kumadex - Version 4 - Learn 25 JLPT-N4 Vocab with Pictures | PDF",1790579819,55,[140,144,148],{"page_no":8,"url":141,"width":142,"height":143},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/ca62470cba6ef0b147128625c03f3d64.webp",983,737,{"page_no":14,"url":145,"width":146,"height":147},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/239a706bca0b00d2ff265252f1bdb8ce.webp",982,736,{"page_no":81,"url":149,"width":150,"height":151},"https://res-academy.cache.wpscdn.com/upload/kdocshare/2026-11-08/606d0f05685b613669b372507026e651.webp",981,735]