[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108477-en":3,"doc-seo-108477-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":93},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},108477,5909877438554,"Maeve","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/5600025385ad2bf12a7?_k=1778553567797529272",8,"Research & Report","Kosovo Country Economic Memorandum - Raising Firm Productivity - November 2021","Kosovo Country Economic Memorandum analyzes firm productivity and its constraints in Kosovo, focusing on firm characteristics and dynamics, links between productivity and access to credit, and the barriers that hold back higher performance. The study examines total factor productivity and labor productivity, evaluates how credit availability relates to productivity outcomes, and highlights the role of investment and export frictions. It also reviews the impact of COVID-19 on firms and derives tentative policy implications.","Authorized Pub l ic Disclosure Authorized  \nWORLD BANK GROUP  \nRaising  \nFirm Productivity  \nNovember 2021  \nPub lic Disclosure Author ized Pub lic Disclosure  \nKosovo Country Economic Memorandum  \nRaising Firm Productivity  \nTable of Contents  \nExecutive summary 7  \nFirm Characteristics and Dynamics 11  \n1.1. Firm Characteristics 12  \n1.2. Firm Dynamics 22  \nFirm Productivity and Access to Credit 35  \n1.3. TFPR and Labor Productivity 36  \n1.4. Access to Credit and Productivity 43  \n1.5. Barriers to Productivity 47  \nThe Impact of COVID-19 on Firms 48  \nConclusions and Tentative Policy Implications 51  \nReferences 55  \nTechnical Appendix 57  \nAdditional Tables and Figures 61  \nFig 1. Active Firms by Size and Total, Average, 2010–18 p.12  \nFig 2. Average Firm Size and Density, 2012–18 p.13  \nFig 3. Turnover Comparisons by Firm Size, Relative to EU Averages, 2018. Index EU=100 p.14  \nFig 4. Active Enterprises by Main Activity Compared to the EU,  \nPercent of Total p.14 Fig 5. Employment Share by Sector, Percent of Total p.15  \nFig 6. Firms, Employment, and Sales by Municipality, Percent p.15  \nFig 7. Exporters and Importers p.17  \nFig 8. Exports by Sector p.18  \nFig 9. Firms with Foreign Shareholders, percent of firms, 2018 p.19  \nFig 10. Gender of Firm Decisionmakers by Sector, Percent p.20  \nFig 11. Digital Firms, 2010–10, Percent  \nof Total Firms p.21 Fig 12. Concentration in the Kosovar Economy p.21  \nFig 13. Net Firm Turnover, Entry. and Exit Rates, Percent of Firms, Average 2012–18 p.22  \nFig 14. New Business Density and GDP per Capita in Constant US$ PPP, 2018 p.23  \nFig 15. Economic and Administrative Firm Entry and Exit, Number of Firms, 2012–18 p.23  \nFig 16. Size of Firms Entering a Market Relative to the Average Firm  \nTables  \nTable 1. Selected Characteristics of  \nFirms in Kosovo, 2017, Percent p.19 Table 2. Five-Year Transition Matrix by Firm Class, 2012 and 2013 Firm Cohorts, Average p.26  \nTable 3. Ratio of Productivity in“Laggard”(90th percentile) to “Frontier”(10th percentile) Firms by Sector and Size, Average 2012-18 p.40  \nAlready Active, 2012–18, Percent p.24  \nFig 17. Drivers of Entry and Exit Rates, Percentage Points p.24  \nFig 18. Firm Size at Entry p.25  \nFig 19. Firm age and Employment Growth p.26  \nFig 20. Employees by Firm Age and Size over Five Years, Average 2012–18, Index, Entry Year = 1  \np.27  \nFig 21. Firm Survival in Kosovo, Average 2012–18, Percent p.27  \nFig 22. Thousands of Employees in Active Firms, 2010–18 p.28  \nFig 23. Firms Reporting Employees, Percent of Total Firms, 2010– 2018 p.29  \nFig 24. Contribution to Employment Growth by Sector, 2010–14 and 2015–18, Percent p.30  \nFig 25. Employment Growth, Firms by Sector Surviving 5 Years, Average Number of Employees, 2017–18 p.30  \nFig 26. Net Job Creation, 2011–18 p.31  \nFig 27. Job Creation, Destruction, and Employment by Firm Age and Size, Average 2016–18 p.32  \nFig 28. Employment by Firm Age, Percent of Total, Average 2016–18 p.32  \nFig 29. TFPR, Sales, and Value Added per Worker, 2013–17 p.36  \nFig 30. Labor Productivity Relative to the EU, 2018, Percent p.37  \nFig 31. Labor, Capital, and Intermediate Inputs, 2012–17, Index 100=2012 p.37  \nFig 32. TFPR and value added per worker by Sector and Average  \np.38  \nFig 33. Decomposition ofTFPR Growth, 2014–17, Percent Change p.39  \nFig 34. Characteristics of Entrants Relative to the Median Firm. Percent p.40  \nFig 35. TFPR, Employment, Revenue, and Value Added per Worker, Logarithms, 2012–18 p.41  \nFig 36. Total Factor Productivity Revenue (TFPR) by Sector, 2013–17 p.42  \nFig 37. Domestic Credit to the Private Sector, Percent of GDP p.43  \nFig 38. Credit Disbursed and Employment by Sector, 2010–18, Percent of Total p.44  \nFig 39. Credit to the Private Sector by Type, Average 2010–18, Eurosand Percent of Total p.45  \nFig 40. Loans to the Private Sector by Term (Years), Average 2015–18, Percent of Total p.45  \nFig 41. Productivity and Access to Credit p.47  \nFig 42. Barriers to Investment and ","cbCainPkWZSv9Vpt","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainPkWZSv9Vpt","pdf",4052756,7,1,72,"English","en",105,"# Executive summary\n# Firm Characteristics and Dynamics\n## Firm Characteristics\n## Firm Dynamics\n# Firm Productivity and Access to Credit\n## TFPR and Labor Productivity\n## Access to Credit and Productivity\n## Barriers to Productivity\n# The Impact of COVID-19 on Firms\n# Conclusions and Tentative Policy Implications\n# References\n# Technical Appendix","[{\"question\":\"What does the memorandum focus on regarding firms in Kosovo?\",\"answer\":\"It examines firm characteristics and dynamics, productivity performance, and the factors influencing productivity, particularly access to credit and productivity barriers.\"},{\"question\":\"How is firm productivity connected to credit access in the report?\",\"answer\":\"The report analyzes total factor productivity and labor productivity alongside measures of credit availability, credit disbursed, and how these relate to productivity outcomes across firm classes and sectors.\"},{\"question\":\"What role does COVID-19 play in the analysis?\",\"answer\":\"The memorandum assesses how COVID-19 affected firms and considers digitalization and innovation responses during the outbreak, linking these changes to productivity-related dynamics.\"}]","Kosovo Country Economic Memorandum - 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