[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108478-en":3,"doc-seo-108478-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":93},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},108478,5909877438554,"Maeve","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/5600025385ad2bf12a7?_k=1778553567797529272",8,"Research & Report","Kosovo Country Economic Memorandum - Gearing up for a More Productive Future - November 2021","Kosovo Country Economic Memorandum (November 2021) examines the drivers behind low productivity and growth volatility, linking macroeconomic trends with firm-level performance, farm outcomes, and the functioning of factor markets. The report analyzes constraints from education quality, regulatory barriers, and competition policy, while assessing competitiveness channels through exports, foreign direct investment, and investment dynamics. It synthesizes cross-cutting evidence to outline priorities for improving productivity across firms and farms and supporting sustainable, inclusive economic progress.","Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nWORLD BANK GROUP  \nGearing up for a More Productive Future  \nNovember 2021  \nKosovo Country Economic Memorandum  \nKosovo Country Economic Memorandum  \nGearing up for a More Productive Future  \nTable of Contents  \nAcknowledgments 7  \nAcronyms 8  \nExecutive Summary 10  \nOverview 12  \nMacroeconomic Overview 26  \nRaising Firm Productivity 44  \nRaising Farm Productivity 58  \nImproving Education Quality 70  \nRemoving Regulatory Barriers to Competition 80  \nBoosting Exports 90  \nBoosting Foreign Direct Investment 106  \nFig 1. Growth Volatility, 2008–19, Percent p.28  \nFig 2. Consumer Price Inflation Volatility, 2010–19, Percent  \np.29  \nFig 3. Domestic Bank Credit to the Private Sector, 2010 and 2019, Percent of GDP p.29  \nFig 4. Financial Soundness Indicators, 2011–20, Percent p.30  \nFig 5. Real GDP Growth, 2010–19, Percent p.30  \nFig 6. GDP per Capita, 2009–19, US$, Percent p.31  \nFig 7. Actual and Potential Growth,  \nPercent, 2010–19 p.31 Fig 8. GDP per Capita Projections, US$, 2019–59 p.32  \nFig 9. Kosovo’s Economy, Shares of Value-added, 2010 and 2019, Percent p.32  \nFig 10. Kosovo’s Economy, Employment Shares, Average 2012–19, Percent p.33  \nFig 11. Drivers of Demand-side Growth, 2010–19, Percent  \np.34  \nFig 12. Drivers of Supply-side Growth,  \n2010–19, Percent p.34 Fig 13. Investment as a Share of GDP, 2008–19, Percent p.35  \nFig 14. Share of Public and Private investment, 2010–19, Percent  \np.35  \nFig 15. Decomposition of GDP into its Drivers, 2008–19, Percent p.36  \nFig 16. Diaspora-Related Flows, 2009–19, Percent p.36  \nFig 17. Unemployment, Kosovo and Comparator Countries, 2009–18, Percent p.37  \nFig 18. Unemployment, 2012 and 2019, Percent p.37  \nFig 19. Net FDI, US $Million, 2004–19, Percent of GDP p.38  \nFig 20. Net FDI by Sector, ¤Million, 2008–19, Percent of GDP p.38  \nFig 21. Human Capital Index, 2020  \np.39  \nFig 22. Worldwide Governance indicators, 2019, Index = –2.5- 2.5 p.39  \nFig 23. GDP per Capita Projections Based on Structural Changes, US$, 2020–60 p.41  \nFig 24. TFPR, Sales, and Value Added per Worker, 2013–17, Percent  \np.46  \nFig 25. TFPR Growth, 2014–17, Percent  \np.47  \nFig 26. Active Firms by Size, Average, 2010–18, Percent of Total p.47  \nFig 27. Turnover Comparisons by Firm Size Relative to EU Averages, 2018; Index EU=100 p.48  \nFig 28. Employees in Active Firms, 2010–18, Thousands p.49  \nFig 29. Firm Age and Employment Growth By Number of Employees at Birth (Size Class)  \np.49  \nFig 30. Kosovo Firm Density Relative to Western Balkan and EU Peers, 2018 p.50  \nFig 31. Survival Rates by Firm Age, Percent of Total Firms p.50  \nFig 32. Net Firm Entry and Exit Rates  \np.51  \nFig 33. Exporters and Importers, Percent p.52  \nFig 34. Gender of Firm Decisionmakers, Percent of Total Firms  \np.53  \nFig 35. Loans to the Private Sector by Term, Average 2015–18, Percent of Total p.54  \nFig 36. Productivity and Access to Credit p.55  \nFig 37. Agricultural VA, Compared to Structural and Aspirational Peers,a 2008–19, Percent p.60  \nFig 38. Structure of Gross Value Added in Kosovo and Comparators, 2010 and 2019, Percent p.60  \nFig 39. Employment by Sector, Average Shares, 2012–19, Percent p.61  \nFig 40. Agricultural Labor Productivity, Kosovo and Peers, Constant 2010 US$ p.61  \nFig 41. TE and SE Scores in Agriculture, 2017 p.62  \nFig 42. MeanTE and SE Scores by Farm Size, Kosovo, 2017 p.63 Fig 43. GDP and Commercial Loan  \nShares by Sector, 2018 p.63 Fig 44. Density Distribution of TE and  \nSE, Kosovo, 2017 p.64 Fig 45. TFP Growth by Farm Size  \nKosovo, 2015–17, Percent p.64 Fig 46. Agricultural Value Added  \n(Percent of GDP) and Spending (Percent of Public Spending) Compared with Peers, 2017  \np.65  \nFig 47. Direct Payments to Farms by Economic Size, Kosovo, 2017, Percent p.66  \nFig 48. Agriculture Spending by  \nFunction, Kosovo, € Million at Current Prices, 2014–19 p.66 Fig 49. Mean TE Scores by F","cbCaigp3MYGR2rF7","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigp3MYGR2rF7","pdf",8705857,5,1,116,"English","en",105,"# Executive Summary\n# Overview\n# Macroeconomic Overview\n# Raising Firm Productivity\n# Raising Farm Productivity\n# Improving Education Quality\n# Removing Regulatory Barriers to Competition\n# Boosting Exports\n# Boosting Foreign Direct Investment","[{\"question\":\"What is the main objective of the Kosovo Country Economic Memorandum?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on identifying constraints and opportunities to improve Kosovo’s productivity and support a more productive future through policy and structural reforms.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the report address firm productivity?\",\"answer\":\"It evaluates firm-level drivers such as access to credit, productivity performance, firm dynamics, and indicators of business environment and market functioning.\"},{\"question\":\"Which areas are covered to strengthen growth through competitiveness?\",\"answer\":\"It covers education quality, regulatory barriers to competition, and competitiveness channels including exports and foreign direct investment.\"}]","Kosovo Country Economic Memorandum - 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