[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108568-en":3,"doc-seo-108568-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":93},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},108568,8796095461610,"Oliver","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c",8,"Research & Report","Kosovo Country Economic Memorandum - Gearing up for a More Productive Future - June 2022","Kosovo Country Economic Memorandum lays out the country’s development challenge: sustaining growth while closing the persistent income gap with European Union averages and aspirational peers. It highlights slow convergence, job creation constraints, low labor market participation—especially among women—and continued gaps in early childhood literacy and numeracy. The memorandum proposes a reform agenda across five areas, aiming to raise firm and farm productivity, strengthen human capital, boost exports and investment, and entrench macro stability and governance.","Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized  \nWORLD BANK GROUP  \nGearing up for a More Productive Future  \nJune 2022  \nKosovo Country Economic Memorandum  \n Kosovo is the youngest country in Europe and is estimated to have increased its income 10-fold since 1995  \nPer capita GDP, nominal USD  \n600050004000300020001000 0  \n200920102011201220132014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021e  \n2022f  \n2023f  \n2024f  \nReal GDP Growth, 2010–19, Percent 5  \nKosovo Structural Peers Aspirational  \nPeers  \nKosovo has experienced significant growth and poverty reduction since independence. The economy recovered from its first recession in 2020 and income by 2024 is projected to double from its 2009 level (if recent global pressures subside.)  \n 2010-2014  \n 2015-2019  \nGearing up for a More Productive Future WORLD BANK GROUP  \n Yet, a large income gap between Kosovo and the average European Union member state remains  \nGDP per Capita, 2009-19, US$, Percent  \n30,000 27,000 24,000 21,000 18,000 15,000  \n12,000 9,000 6,000 3,000  \n-  \n64 63 63  \n39  \n25  \n33  \n 27  \n24  \n18  \n| KOS | KGZ MDA ARM ALB N.MKD | LVA | URY | LTU | EST | CZE | SVN |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n70  \n60  \n50  \n40  \n30  \n20  \n10  \n0  \n 2009  2019  \n Change 2009-2019 (right axis)  \nKosovo’s income per capita is only 12 percent of the average EU member or 20 percent of aspirational peers (Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, the Czech Republic, and Slovenia) .  \nSTRUCTURAL PEERS ASPIRATIONAL PEERS  \nGearing up for a More Productive Future WORLD BANK GROUP  \n….and this gap is closing only at a slow pace.  \nAt Kosovo’s estimated current potential for growth, reaching today’s living standards of aspirational peers would take more than 30 years.  \nDespite considerable progress in poverty reduction, around 2 in 10 Kosovars still live on less than US$5.5 per day.  \nLack of jobs is a major impediment to inclusive growth. About 2 in 5 people of working age people are participating in the labor market. However, formalization is accelerating.  \nOnly 20 percent of women actively participate in the labor market, and women’s participation in the economy as entrepreneurs is limited.  \nOnly 23 percent of pre-school children are on track in terms of literacy and numeracy skills.  \nGearing up for a More Productive Future WORLD BANK GROUP  \n Yet, with the right reforms, Kosovo can gear up for a more productive future  \nGDP per Capita Projections Based on Structural Changes, US$, 2020-60  \n45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000  \n5,000 0  \nKosovo***  \nKosovo  \nAspirational peers in 2019  \n20202022  \n2024  \n20262028  \n20302032  \n20342036  \n20382040  \n20422044  \n20462048  \n20502052  \n20542056  \n20582060  \nNote: The light blue line represents the projected growth trajectory for Kosovo based on average real growth of 4 percent. The dark blue line represents an alternative reform trajectory with a modest shock of a 2 percentage point (pp) increase in net FDI inflows, 2 pp increase in employment rate, 2 pp increase in TFP, 2 pp increase in exports as a share of GDP between 2025–35 compared to the baseline.  \nGearing up for a More Productive Future WORLD BANK GROUP  \nFor Kosovo to get there, reforms are needed in five key areas:  \nINCREASING  \nFirm Productivity  \n• Business regulations,• Access to finance  \n• Digitalization  \nRAISING  \nFarm Productivity  \n• Value chain integration  \n• Sustainable use of natural resources  \n• Improved public spending  \nENHANCING  \nHuman Capital  \n• Education  \n• Skills development  \n• Labor force participation  \nBOOSTING  \nExports, Competition and Investment  \n• Trade facilitation  \n• Competition policy  \n• Investment promotion eco-system  \nENTRENCHING  \nMacro Stability and Sound Governance  \n• Foundational requirements  \nGEARING UP  \nfor a more productive future  \n• Inclusive  \n• Resilient  \n• Sustainable growth in Kosovo  \nGearing up for a More Productive Future WORLD B","cbCaioxCwwrw9D0b","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioxCwwrw9D0b","pdf",6127496,7,1,32,"English","en",105,"# Overview\n## Macroeconomic performance and income gap\n# Development challenges\n## Poverty reduction and living standards\n## Jobs and labor market participation\n## Human capital and early learning\n# Reform agenda\n## Increasing firm productivity\n## Raising farm productivity\n## Enhancing human capital\n## Boosting exports, competition and investment\n## Entrenching macro stability and sound governance","[{\"question\":\"What core problem does the Kosovo Country Economic Memorandum emphasize?\",\"answer\":\"It emphasizes that Kosovo has grown and reduced poverty but still faces a large income gap versus EU averages and aspirational peers, with slow convergence over time.\"},{\"question\":\"Which labor market issues are highlighted as barriers to inclusive growth?\",\"answer\":\"The memorandum points to limited job creation and low labor market participation, with especially low active participation among women.\"},{\"question\":\"What five reform areas does the memorandum propose to reach a more productive future?\",\"answer\":\"It proposes reforms in increasing firm productivity, raising farm productivity, enhancing human capital, boosting exports/competition/investment, and entrenching macro stability and sound governance.\"}]","Kosovo Country Economic Memorandum - 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