[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108473-en":3,"doc-seo-108473-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},108473,4398048950312,"Violet","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/400002538284de19e3c?_k=1778320343897328908",8,"Research & Report","Kosovo Country Economic Memorandum - Enhancing Human Capital by Improving Education - Summary and Policy Recommendations","Kosovo Country Economic Memorandum focuses on enhancing human capital by improving education, with an emphasis on education quality and system performance. The analysis reviews enrollment patterns, learning outcomes, education spending, and school resources, and discusses structural constraints affecting instruction capacity. Scenario simulation for pre-university school network optimization is combined with a skills gap discussion and an assessment of COVID-19 impacts on learning and socio-economic achievement disparities, culminating in policy recommendations to strengthen resilience and efficiency.","Public Disc losure Authorized  \nWORLD BANK GROUP  \nEnhancing Human Capital by Improving Education  \nNovember 2021  \nPub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disc losure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nKosovo Country  \nEconomic Memorandum  \nKosovo Country Economic Memorandum  \nEnhancing Human Capital by Improving Education  \nTable of Contents  \nOverview 11  \nImproving Education Quality 23  \nSchool Optimization Scenario for  \nPre-University Education 29  \nSimulation of network optimization in  \nthe municipality of Suharekë 35  \nSkills Gap Discussion 39  \nImpact of COVID-19 on the Education System 45  \nSummary and Policy Recommendations 51  \nReferences 66  \nFig 1. Gross Enrollment for all Levels, Percent, 2014–19 p.13  \nFig 2. Lower and Upper Secondary Enrollment in Kosovo and Comparator Countries, Percent  \np.13  \nFig 3. Population of School-age Children Projected through 2061, Thousands p.14  \nFig 4. Children Aged 36–59 Months Developmentally on Track in Literacy-Numeracy, Percent  \np.16  \nFig 5. Fourth Grade Proficiency in Math and Science, Kosovo and Comparators, Percent p.16  \nFig 6. 15-year-old Students Performing Below Functional Literacy in Reading, PISA 2018, Percent p.17  \nFig 7. Matura 12 Examination Results by Municipality, 2019 p.17  \nFig 8. Kosovo’s Spending on Education Compared, Percent of Total Government Spending and Percent of GDP p.18  \nFig 9. Education Spending, Kosovo, 2007–19, Eurosp.18  \nFig 10. Spending on Pre-university Education by Category, 2009–19, Eurosp.19  \nFig 11. Kosovar Salaries in the Education Sector and Other Comparable Sectors, 2018 p.20  \nFig 12. Per-student Costs for Pre  \nuniversity Education by Municipality p.21 Fig 13. Student-Teacher Ratios by Municipality p.21  \nFig 14. Student-Teacher Ratios in Kosovo, 2014–19 p.24  \nFig 15. Percent of Students whose School Principals Responded“To some extent” or “A lot” to the Question: Is your school’s capacity to provide instruction hindered by any of the following issues? p.26  \nFig 16. Distribution of the Types of School Units in Kosovo, 2016  \np.31  \nFig 17. Principle of the School Network Optimization Algorithm p.32  \nFig 18. Map of School Units in Suharekë p.36  \nFig 19. Mean Literacy Scores, Total Working Age Population and Employed (aged 15-64), Western Balkans, FSU, and  \nOECD Countries p.40 Fig 20. Distribution of Core Literacy Scores by Demographics, Percent, 2018 p.40 Fig 21. Distribution of Core Literacy  \nScore by Education and Labor Market Status, Percent, 2018  \np.41  \nFig 22. Worker’s Perceptions of How Their Education and Skills Match Their Jobs p.42  \nFig 23. Education and Jobs Matching, Kosovo and Comparatorsp.43  \nFig 24. Estimated Impact of COVID-19 on PISA Scores p.46 Fig 25. Estimated Impact of COVID-19 on the Socio-economic Achievement Gap p.47 Fig 26. School Resources for Resilient  \nEducation Compared, Percent  \np.48  \nTables Annexes  \nTable 1. School Facilities in Kosovo With Inadequate Infrastructure by Typeof Problem, 2016 p.25  \nTable 2. School Facilities in Suharekë, by Type of Infrastructure Problem, 2016 p.37  \nTable 3. Estimated Savings for Suharekë in Three School Network Optimization Scenarios p.37  \nAnnex 1: Mapping of Gross Enrollment By Level of Education p.55  \nAnnex 2: Details of the Algorithm for School Network Optimization and Identification of Factors That May Impact A Simulation p.63  \n© 2021 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW  \nWashington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000  \n[Internet: www.worldbank.org](Internet: www.worldbank.org)  \nThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent.  \nThe World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other inform","cbCairo520srZ36E","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairo520srZ36E","pdf",1218286,4,1,68,"English","en",105,"# Overview\n# Improving Education Quality\n# School Optimization Scenario for Pre-University Education\n## Simulation of network optimization in the municipality of Suharekë\n# Skills Gap Discussion\n# Impact of COVID-19 on the Education System\n# Summary and Policy Recommendations\n# References","[{\"question\":\"What is the main objective of the Kosovo Country Economic Memorandum?\",\"answer\":\"It aims to enhance human capital by improving education in Kosovo, linking education quality and system performance to broader economic outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the report evaluate education system performance?\",\"answer\":\"It examines indicators such as enrollment, learning proficiency, education spending, school resources, and student-teacher ratios, supported by multiple figures and tables.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the report conclude about COVID-19’s effects on education?\",\"answer\":\"It estimates COVID-19 impacts on PISA scores and on the socio-economic achievement gap, using these findings to inform recommendations for resilient education.\"}]","Kosovo Country Economic Memorandum - Enhancing Human Capital by Improving Education - Summary and Policy Recommendations | PDF",1784471463,171,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":29},"kosovo-country-economic-memorandum-enhancing-human-capital-by-improving-education-summary-and-policy-recommendations","",{"@graph":37,"@context":86},[38,54,69],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,49,52],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":50,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":53,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/kosovo-country-economic-memorandum-enhancing-human-capital-by-improving-education-summary-and-policy-recommendations/108473/",{"url":53,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":42,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-30","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"What is the main objective of the Kosovo Country Economic Memorandum?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"It aims to enhance human capital by improving education in Kosovo, linking education quality and system performance to broader economic outcomes.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"How does the report evaluate education system performance?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"It examines indicators such as enrollment, learning proficiency, education spending, school resources, and student-teacher ratios, supported by multiple figures and tables.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"What does the report conclude about COVID-19’s effects on education?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"It estimates COVID-19 impacts on PISA scores and on the socio-economic achievement gap, using these findings to inform recommendations for resilient education.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":53,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":53},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,111,116,121,124,129,132,136],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":48,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},30,"research-report",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":126,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":131},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":134,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":135},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":137,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":138,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":139},19,"General","general"]