[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-109409-en":3,"doc-seo-109409-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},109409,4398048950312,"Violet","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/400002538284de19e3c?_k=1778320343897328908",8,"Research & Report","Kosovo - Country Climate and Development Report - Executive Summary","Kosovo has improved living standards over the past decade, yet progress has brought environmental degradation and health harms driven by coal dependence. Aging lignite-based power, transport, heating, and residential infrastructure raise emissions, worsen carbon intensity, and heighten economic vulnerability to energy price shocks and energy poverty. Transitioning away from coal requires socially just measures. Climate policy implementation capacity is still emerging, while the country faces growing human-capital underutilization and high climate risk from wildfires, floods, droughts, and heatwaves.","Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nEUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA  \nEXECUTIVE SUMMARY KOSOVO  \nWorld Bank Group  \nOctober 2024  \nExecutive Summary  \nThe Republic of Kosovo, the second-smallest economy in the Western Balkans, has made significant improvements in its living standards in the past decade, but these gains have come with some unwanted environmental and health impacts. While having the lowest GDP per capita among the Western Balkans 6 (WB6) in recent years, Kosovo has encountered numerous challenges in its development. Political tensions, and only partial recognition within the international community as an independent sovereign state, have hampered foreign direct investment and economic growth. Kosovo also has the highest carbon intensity in Europe; with rich lignite deposits, it has been reliant on coal. The infrastructure of its lignite-based power plants is aging and growing less efficient. Together with aging transport, heating and residential infrastructure, it is further contributing to environmental degradation and negative health outcomes, increasing the economic vulnerability of Kosovars to energy price shocks and energy poverty. Moving away from coal will require comprehensive measures to address the social and economic impacts, especially in coal-dependent regions, to ensure a socially just and inclusive transition.  \nKosovo’s climate change policies are, in part, shaped by various external drivers and international commitments; internally, it needs to make more progress by not only intensifying its own climate ambition but strengthening its capacity to actualize that ambition. Although Kosovo is not a party to either the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) or the Paris Agreement, it has set up equivalent voluntary national commitments. Additionally, as a contracting party to the Energy Community Treaty, Kosovo has committed to harmonizing its energy and climate legislation with the European Union (EU) acquis1 and thus contribute to the goal of Europe becoming the first climate-neutral continent by 2050. The Law on Climate Change, enacted in December 2023, is a legislative basis for planning and setting up climate change mitigation and adaptation institutions. But although such commitments are in place, the institutional maturity to implement climate policies in Kosovo is only just emerging (rated as “nascent” by the World Bank’s Climate Change Institutional Assessment) . Significant work is being done to strengthen its institutional capacity, but these are still a long way from being judged as mature. The country’s human capital also needs to be substantially developed to ensure that Kosovo is ready for the green transition; estimates are that more than 40 percent of its human capital potential is presently underutilized. Unlike in most other WB6 countries, Kosovo’s working-age population (ages 15–64) is growing. Long-term planning to improve educational and training outcomes will be vital to give its relatively young population the best chance of becoming highly productive.  \nAs a landlocked country in Southeastern Europe within the central Balkan Peninsula, Kosovo is vulnerable to climate risks. The country is frequently exposed to forest fires, floods, and landslides. Currently, 36.8 percent of Kosovo’ total area is under medium wildfire risk and 15.8 percent under high wildfire risk. Besides this, mountainous areas of the country are exposed to flash flood risks. Severe floods occurred in 2013, 2014, and 2016, resulting in total estimated damage of over €4 million. Kosovo is also prone to droughts, earthquakes, and heatwaves. Extreme climate events frequently cause severe damage to critical infrastructure, leading to the risk of cascading effects and exacerbating the vulnerabilities of key economic sectors, particularly agriculture, forestry, and water. In addition, these climate effects are loc","cbCaiiJhpeYfSeHh","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiJhpeYfSeHh","pdf",705262,3,1,6,"English","en",105,"# Executive Summary\n## Development challenges and impacts\n## Climate policy, institutions, and commitments\n## Climate risks and vulnerability\n## Adaptation needs and investment costs","[{\"question\":\"Why is Kosovo particularly affected by climate and health impacts?\",\"answer\":\"Kosovo relies heavily on coal, and its lignite-based power and related infrastructure are aging and less efficient, contributing to environmental degradation and negative health outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"What institutional steps does Kosovo need to advance climate policy?\",\"answer\":\"Kosovo must intensify its climate ambition and strengthen capacity to implement it, including building institutional maturity and enhancing human capital for the green transition.\"},{\"question\":\"Which climate hazards pose the biggest risks to Kosovo?\",\"answer\":\"Kosovo faces frequent forest fires, floods, landslides, droughts, earthquakes, and heatwaves, with wildfire risk and flood exposure varying across the country.\"}]","Kosovo - Country Climate and Development Report - Executive Summary | PDF",1784479481,15,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":29},"kosovo-country-climate-and-development-report-executive-summary","",{"@graph":37,"@context":86},[38,54,69],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,49,51],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":50,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/kosovo-country-climate-and-development-report-executive-summary/109409/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":42,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-29","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"Why is Kosovo particularly affected by climate and health impacts?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"Kosovo relies heavily on coal, and its lignite-based power and related infrastructure are aging and less efficient, contributing to environmental degradation and negative health outcomes.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"What institutional steps does Kosovo need to advance climate policy?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"Kosovo must intensify its climate ambition and strengthen capacity to implement it, including building institutional maturity and enhancing human capital for the green transition.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"Which climate hazards pose the biggest risks to Kosovo?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"Kosovo faces frequent forest fires, floods, landslides, droughts, earthquakes, and heatwaves, with wildfire risk and flood exposure varying across the country.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,111,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":48,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]