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Using language investment theory, this study investigates how Chinese university students mobilize resources to learn Korean outside the classroom and how Korean learning reshapes identities as well as educational and employment trajectories. The findings inform the value of multilingual education in China’s global integration and explain the rise of Korean Wave as a worldwide cultural force.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/korean-wave-as-symbolic-capital-a-case-study-of-learning-korean-language-out-of-class-in-china/450188/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/korean-wave-as-symbolic-capital-a-case-study-of-learning-korean-language-out-of-class-in-china/450188.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"dbqoiu","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-06","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What theoretical framework guides the study of learning Korean out of class?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study adopts the concept of language investment (Darvin & Norton, 2015) to examine how learners mobilize resources and how learning affects identity and trajectories.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the document describe the role of Korean Wave in Korean language learning in China?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Korean Wave is portrayed as providing a “cool” sense and symbolic capital drawn from Korean traditional and popular culture, which motivates non–Korean-major students to learn Korean out of class.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What research gap does the document address regarding prior foreign language studies?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Earlier studies mainly focus on English learning experiences, whereas this study centers specifically on Korean language learning by students who are not majoring in Korean but learn influenced by the Korean Wave.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},450188,1790833387,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},3985747862462,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Higher Education of Social Science  \nVol. 21, No. 2, 2021, pp. 98-103  \nDOI:10.3968/12391  \nISSN 1927-0232 [Print]  \nISSN 1927-0240 [Online] [www.cscanada.net](www.cscanada.net)[ ](www.cscanada.net)[www.cscanada.org](www.cscanada.org)  \nKorean Wave as Symbolic Capital: A Case Study of Learning Korean Language out of Class in China  \nHE Bin[a] ; ZHANG Yu[a],* ; WANG Zhiying[a] ; NI Zhijuan[a] ; LI Jia[a]  \n[a]School of Foreign languages, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.*  \nCorresponding author.  \nReceived 21 August 2021; accepted 15 October 2021  \nPublished online 26 December 2021  \nAbstract  \nA bulk of literature on foreign language education have revealed the interconnection between identity and language learning. However, the existent studies seem to draw on the English learning experiences as monolingual orientation. Adopting the concept of language investment (Darvin & Norton, 2015), this study examines how a cohort of Chinese university students mobilize their resources to learn Korean language out of class and how learning Korean language shapes their identities and educational and employment trajectories. The study can provide some insights on the valorization of multilingual education in a wider process of China’s integrating into the world system and the rise of Korean Wave as global culture.  \nKey words: Learning Korean language; Korean Wave; Language investment; Chinese students  \nChina is a language learning country with over 300 million people learned or are learning foreign languages (Li, 2010) . English as a lingua franca has been widely used all over the world. Moreover, China regards English as an extremely important tool for its economic development after China’s accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001 (Lin, 2011; Chen, 2020; Sun,  \n2020) . English as a working language for Chinese people is not only in the domain of education but also for its globalization in 21st century (Bolton & Graddol, 2012) . However, since the promotion of “One Belt and One Road” in 2011, Chinese government aims at developing its national language competence by multilingualism. Atthe same time, more and more scholars are challenging the hegemony of English in China’s higher education (Shen, 2015) . Accordingly, language learning in China is also multilingualism-oriented, to some extent. In order to adapt to the current China’s language planning, a majority of language learners have realized that acquisition of English only is not enough (Wang, 2016), which has spawned the trend of learning foreign languages out of class.  \nRepublic of Korea (hereinafter Korea/ ROK), oneof neighboring countries of China, which has a close relationship with China even nowadays. According to data from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People’s Republic of China (MCT 2016), Korea ranked the first in the number of tourists coming to China in 2015 (about 4.4 million) . Both China and Korea are each other’s largest source of inbound tourists and overseas students (Niu, 2017) . Korea still listed the third with the influence of political issues between China and Korea (MCT, 2020) . Korean Wave also came into China and became familiar to Chinese people gradually which arose the Korean language learning fever in China. Among those Korean language learners, there are many non-Korean language major students and they are learners who learn Korean language out of class (Tian & Xu, 2020) .  \nPrevious studies conducted in foreign language learning mainly focus on the English language learning, such as the Korean youth in English study abroad (Jang, 2017), identity and investment with English as an international language (Norton, 2015), and learning a foreign language as leisure and consumption: enjoyment, desire and the business of oral English (Kubota, 2011) . However, studies about Korean language learning are  \nCopyright © Canadian Research & Development Center of Sciences and Cultures 98  \nHE Bin; ZHANG Yu; WANG Zhiying; NI Zhijuan; LI Jia (2","cbCainaeM9zlifgX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainaeM9zlifgX","pdf",425217,"English","# Abstract\n# Key words\n# Introduction: Language learning and multilingual orientation\n# Research contexts\n## Korean Language and Korean Wave\n## Research focus: symbolic capital and out-of-class learning","[{\"question\":\"What theoretical framework guides the study of learning Korean out of class?\",\"answer\":\"The study adopts the concept of language investment (Darvin \\u0026 Norton, 2015) to examine how learners mobilize resources and how learning affects identity and trajectories.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the document describe the role of Korean Wave in Korean language learning in China?\",\"answer\":\"Korean Wave is portrayed as providing a “cool” sense and symbolic capital drawn from Korean traditional and popular culture, which motivates non–Korean-major students to learn Korean out of class.\"},{\"question\":\"What research gap does the document address regarding prior foreign language studies?\",\"answer\":\"Earlier studies mainly focus on English learning experiences, whereas this study centers specifically on Korean language learning by students who are not majoring in Korean but learn influenced by the Korean Wave.\"}]","Korean Wave as Symbolic Capital - A Case Study of Learning Korean Language out of Class in China | PDF",1790732377,15]