[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-113219-en":3,"doc-seo-113219-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},113219,137441390410,"Hazel","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2000252f4ab5702993?_k=1776741390130283984",8,"Research & Report","Knowledge and Adoption of Complex Agricultural Technologies - Evidence from an Extension Experiment","Agricultural extension in Sub-Saharan Africa has shifted toward decentralized, participatory models that depend on effective farmer-to-farmer learning and increasingly include nontraditional education formats. Agricultural technologies also grow more complex and are often promoted as integrated packages, potentially complicating diffusion. Using a randomized controlled trial with 2,382 smallholders in Ethiopia, the study evaluates farmer-to-farmer extension and a video intervention on adoption and knowledge outcomes.","Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nThe World Bank Economic Review, 36(1), 2022, 68–90  \n[https://doi.org10.1093/wber/lhab025](https://doi.org10.1093/wber/lhab025)  \nArticle  \nKnowledge and Adoption of Complex Agricultural Technologies: Evidence from an Extension Experiment Denise Hörner , Adrien Bouguen, Markus Frölich, and Meike Wollni Abstract  \nIn most of Sub-Saharan Africa, agricultural extension models have become more decentralized and participatory and thus rely on effective farmer-to-farmer learning, while increasingly including nontraditional forms of education. At the same time, agricultural technologies become more complex and are now often promoted as integrated packages, which are likely to increase the complexity of the diffusion process. Based on a randomized controlled trial, this study assesses the effects of “farmer-to-farmer” extension and a video intervention on adoption of a complex technology package among 2,382 smallholders in Ethiopia. Both extension-only and extension combined with video increase adoption and knowledge of the package, especially of its more complex components; on average, however, the video intervention has no additional effect on adoption. Knowledge and the number of adopted practices also increase among farmers not actively participating in extension activities, which suggests information diffusion. For this group, the additional video intervention has a reinforcing effect, and particularly fosters adoption of the integrated package.  \nJEL classification: D83, O13, O22, O33, Q16  \nKeywords: randomized controlled trial, integrated soil fertility management, technology diffusion, agricultural extension systems, rural development  \nDenise Hörner (corresponding author) is a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Goettingen, Germany; her email address is denise.hoerner@uni-goettingen.de. Meike Wollni is a professor in the Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Goettingen, Germany; heremail address [is mwollni1@gwdg.de. Adrien Bouguen is](is mwollni1@gwdg.de. Adrien Bouguen is) an assistant professor at the Department of Economics, Santa Clara University, CA, United States; his email address is [abouguen@scu.edu. Markus](abouguen@scu.edu. Markus) Frölich is a professor at the University of Mannheim and the Center for Evaluation and Development (C4ED), Germany, and J-PAL Affiliate; his email address is [froelich@uni-mannheim.de. This work was financially supported by the German Research Foundation](froelich@uni-mannheim.de. This work was financially supported by the German Research Foundation) (DFG) [grant numbers RTG1666 GlobalFood and 390367541], in particular for data collection, funding of the video intervention, and data analysis. The German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ) provided funding for baseline data collection. Further support for research analysis was provided by DFG through SFB 884 at the University of Mannheim. The authors thank all members of the Integrated Soil Fertility Management Project (GIZ-ISFM+) for their support, and especially Ibrahim Worku for his excellent field work coordination, as well as the whole team of research assistants and enumerators, and farmers who gave their time. The authors are grateful to Eric Edmonds and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and valuable advice that have greatly helped to improve this manuscript. The authors also thank participants at the NBER Transformation of Rural Africa Conference, the Annual International Conference of the Research Group on Development Economics 2019, the Agricultural & Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting 2019, and the PEGNet Conference 2019, as well as seminar participants at C4ED in Mannheim and DARE in Göttingen for helpful comments. This study is registered under the AEA RCT ID: AEARCTR-0004406, a previous version has been published in th","cbCaipAUb3k8PnX6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipAUb3k8PnX6","pdf",519158,1,23,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Extension models and diffusion challenges\n## Technology complexity and integrated packages\n# Study design and outcomes","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the study address about agricultural innovation adoption?\",\"answer\":\"It addresses why adoption of new agricultural technologies progresses slowly, focusing on how complex integrated technology packages and knowledge constraints can hinder diffusion.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the randomized controlled trial test the extension approach?\",\"answer\":\"It uses 2,382 smallholders in Ethiopia to evaluate the effects of farmer-to-farmer extension and an additional video intervention on adoption and knowledge of the technology package.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the effect of the video intervention compared with extension alone?\",\"answer\":\"Extension-only and extension combined with video increase adoption and knowledge, but the video intervention shows no additional average effect on adoption; 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