[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-82418-en":3,"doc-seo-82418-105":28,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":89},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":11},82418,13056703020460,"Valentina","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253dac470eee5d?_k=1778207105932848923",8,"Research & Report","KnitID Machine-Knitted RFID Antennas for Battery-Free Authentication Localization and Interaction","Battery-free RFID systems enable scalable, low-maintenance interaction on the body. KnitID introduces a machine-knitted textile RFID antenna design that supports on-body authentication, localization, and interaction. By embedding magnet wire into a loop-over-loop knitting structure, KnitID achieves a compact 60mm × 8mm form factor, shrinking conventional loop antennas by ~90% while extending sensing range by ~30% versus comparable dipoles. The compact size allows dense multi-tag embedding across garments. An interactive sleeve prototype demonstrates feasibility. Technical evaluation shows battery-free interaction capability.","KnitID: Machine-Knitted RFID Antennas for Battery-Free Authentication, Localization and Interaction  \narXiv :2607 .09584v1 [ cs .HC] 10 Jul 2026  \nWeiye Xu  \n[xuwy24@uw.edu](xuwy24@uw.edu)[ ](xuwy24@uw.edu)University of Washington Seattle, Washington, USA  \nSen Zhang  \n[szhang66@uw.edu](szhang66@uw.edu)[ ](szhang66@uw.edu)University of Washington Seattle, Washington, USA  \nYue Xu  \n[yuex1@uw.edu](yuex1@uw.edu)[ ](yuex1@uw.edu)University of Washington Seattle, Washington, USA  \nTe-yen Wu  \n[tw23l@fsu.edu](tw23l@fsu.edu)[ ](tw23l@fsu.edu)Florida State University Tallahassee, Florida, USA  \nDevin Murphy  \n[devinmur@uw.edu](devinmur@uw.edu)[ ](devinmur@uw.edu)University of Washington Seattle, Washington, USA  \nYiyue Luo  \n[yiyueluo@uw.edu](yiyueluo@uw.edu)[ ](yiyueluo@uw.edu)University of Washington Seattle, Washington, USA  \nb 84  \n82  \n80  \n78  \n76  \n74  \n400  \n200  \n0  \n-200  \n-400  \nInteraction Localization  \nAuthN  \nFigure 1: Overview of KnitID. (a) System setup with four RFIDs featuring machine-knitted antennas integrated into a sleeve, and two readers in the environment. (b) Backscattered responses (RSSI and phase) from the readers for authentication, interaction detection (hand clenching), and localization (trajectory recovery).  \nAbstract  \nBattery-free RFID systems offer a scalable and maintenance-free approach to interaction. We present KnitID, a machine-knitted textile RFID antenna design that enables on-body authentication, localization, and interaction. Unlike prior antenna designs, KnitID achieves a compact antenna form factor (60mm × 8mm) by integrating magnet wire into the unique loop-over-loop structure of machine knitting. This structure reduces the size of conventional loop antennas by around 90%, while also providing 30% longer sensing ranges than standard dipole designs with similar size on the human body. The compact form factor creates new opportunities to embed multiple RFID tags across the human body, enriching backscatter signals and supporting a broader range of battery-free on-body interactions. To demonstrate this capability, we build an  \nPermission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission [and/or a fee. Request permissions from permissions@acm.org](and/or a fee. Request permissions from permissions@acm.org).  \nUIST ’26, Detroit, MI, USA  \n© 2026 Copyright held by the owner/author(s) . Publication rights licensed to ACM. ACM ISBN 978-x-xxxx-xxxx-x/YYYY/MM  \n[https://doi.org/XXXXXXX.XXXXXXX](https://doi.org/XXXXXXX.XXXXXXX)  \ninteractive sleeve to support wearer authentication, spatial localization, and interaction detection. Through technical evaluations, we show the feasibility of KnitID to provide diverse and battery-free interactions on knitted user interfaces.  \nACM Reference Format:  \nWeiye Xu, Yue Xu, Devin Murphy, Sen Zhang, Te-yen Wu, and Yiyue Luo.  \n2026. KnitID: Machine-Knitted RFID Antennas for Battery-Free Authentication, Localization and Interaction. In Proceedings of ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST ’26). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 3 pages. [https://doi.org/XXXXXXX.XXXXXXX](https://doi.org/XXXXXXX.XXXXXXX)  \n1 Introduction  \nBattery-free wireless technologies offer a promising pathway toward scalable, unobtrusive, and maintenance-free interactive interfaces. [8, 12, 14]. In particular, radio-frequency identification (RFID) systems provide a compelling platform for battery-free interfaces, offering passive communication [5, 13], wireless power harvesting [14], and infrastructure-level connectivit","cbCaiibloZFEvUPl","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiibloZFEvUPl","pdf",6733382,1,3,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n# KnitID and Design Optimization","[{\"question\":\"What is KnitID and what problem does it target?\",\"answer\":\"KnitID is a machine-knitted textile RFID antenna design aimed at enabling battery-free on-body authentication, localization, and interaction with scalable and maintenance-free interfaces.\"},{\"question\":\"How does KnitID reduce antenna size while maintaining performance?\",\"answer\":\"KnitID integrates magnet wire into a loop-over-loop knitting structure, reducing the conventional loop antenna size by around 90% while extending sensing range by about 30% compared with similar dipole designs.\"},{\"question\":\"What role does the antenna design play in enabling core functions?\",\"answer\":\"All core functions—authentication, localization, and interaction detection—require an effective antenna with stable gain, so the design optimization treats read range and gain as primary objectives.\"}]",1784180239,{"code":4,"msg":29,"data":30},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":31,"title":13,"keywords":32,"description":14,"schema_data":33,"social_meta":84,"head_meta":86,"extra_data":88,"updated_unix":27},"knitid-machine-knitted-rfid-antennas-for-battery-free-authentication-localization-and-interaction","",{"@graph":34,"@context":83},[35,51,66],{"@type":36,"itemListElement":37},"BreadcrumbList",[38,42,46,48],{"item":39,"name":40,"@type":41,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":43,"name":44,"@type":41,"position":45},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":47,"name":12,"@type":41,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",{"item":49,"name":13,"@type":41,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/knitid-machine-knitted-rfid-antennas-for-battery-free-authentication-localization-and-interaction/82418/",4,{"url":49,"name":13,"@type":52,"author":53,"headline":13,"publisher":55,"fileFormat":58,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":59,"datePublished":60,"encodingFormat":58,"isAccessibleForFree":61,"interactionStatistic":62},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":54},"Person",{"url":39,"name":56,"@type":57},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-17","2026-07-16",true,{"@type":63,"interactionType":64,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":65},"ViewAction",{"@type":67,"mainEntity":68},"FAQPage",[69,75,79],{"name":70,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":72},"What is KnitID and what problem does it target?","Question",{"text":73,"@type":74},"KnitID is a machine-knitted textile RFID antenna design aimed at enabling battery-free on-body authentication, localization, and interaction with scalable and maintenance-free interfaces.","Answer",{"name":76,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":77},"How does KnitID reduce antenna size while maintaining performance?",{"text":78,"@type":74},"KnitID integrates magnet wire into a loop-over-loop knitting structure, reducing the conventional loop antenna size by around 90% while extending sensing range by about 30% compared with similar dipole designs.",{"name":80,"@type":71,"acceptedAnswer":81},"What role does the antenna design play in enabling core functions?",{"text":82,"@type":74},"All core functions—authentication, localization, and interaction detection—require an effective antenna with stable gain, so the design optimization treats read range and gain as primary 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