[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-269385-105":59,"doc-detail-269385-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","kilauea-east-rift-zone-geochemical-model-a-geochemical-model-of-the-kilauea-east-rift-zone","Kilauea East Rift Zone Geochemical Model - A GEOCHEMICAL MODEL OF THE KILAUEA EAST RIFT ZONE","","The east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano consists of a complex of dikes and fractures extending from the summit caldera to the ocean floor. Geologic, petrologic, and geophysical data show that large magma volumes intrude and are stored within the rift, with parts exceeding the Curie point. Lower-rift groundwater chemistry reflects continuous thermal discharge estimated at 291 MW, supported by deep geothermal wells revealing an active hydrothermal system. Deep drilling shows high-temperature fluids, intermittent intense hydrothermal alteration to at least 2.5 km, and alteration reaching the greenschist facies. Recharge is primarily meteoric water, with saline water on the southern boundary; production indicates capabilities for both dry steam and hot brine, suggesting an actively evolving system spanning benign to highly aggressive fluids.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/kilauea-east-rift-zone-geochemical-model-a-geochemical-model-of-the-kilauea-east-rift-zone/269385/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/kilauea-east-rift-zone-geochemical-model-a-geochemical-model-of-the-kilauea-east-rift-zone/269385.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Angel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-09-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What evidence shows that Kilauea’s east rift zone contains substantial stored magma?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Geologic, petrologic, and geophysical data indicate large volumes of molten magma are intruded into and stored within the east rift dike complex.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How is the thermal discharge from the lower rift characterized?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Shallow groundwater hydrology and chemistry show strong effects from natural thermal discharge, indicating a continuous heat-loss rate estimated at 291 megawatts.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What do deep geothermal wells reveal about the hydrothermal system and alteration?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Deep wells confirm high temperatures and an active hydrothermal system, and petrologic studies show intermittent, intense hydrothermal alteration reaching at least 2.5 km depth, with metamorphism to the greenschist facies.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},269385,1789451085,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":56,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},687207412472,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","# ABSTRACT\n\nThe east rft zone of Kilauea Volcano is comprised of anortheast-to southwest-trending complex of dikes and frac-tures extending more than 100 kilometers from the summitcaldera to the ocean floor.Geologic,petrologic,andgeophysical data indicate that substantial volumes of moltenmagma are intruded into and stored within the east rift dikecomplex and that parts of the rift have temperatures exceedingthe Curie point of basalt.The shallow ground-water hydrologyand chemistry on the lower rift are strongly affected by naturalthermal discharge from the rift and indicate a continuous heatloss rate estimated at 291 megawatts of thermal energy.Severaldeep geothermal wells drilled into the lower rift have confrmedthe presence of high temperatures and of an active hydrother-mal system associated with the rift.The maximum temperaturesencountered in the deep wells approach the critical point ofwater(374 ℃)but show a sharp decline on the southernboundary of the rift.Petrologic studies of drill cuttings from thedeep geothermal wells have shown that intermittent,intensehydrothermal alteration has occurred to depths of at least 2.5km.The alteration phases present indicate that metamorphismreaches the greenschist facies and have strong similarities toalteration suites found in midocean-ridge hydrothermal sys-tems.Chemical data from the deep fuids suggest that theprimary source of recharge to the reservoir is meteoric water inthe interior of the rift but that saline water is present on thesouthern boundary.Production data from the deep wells alsoindicate that accessible parts of the hydrothermal system arecapable of producing both dry steam and hot brine.The datathat have been gathered to the present indicate that the hydro-thermal system associated with the Kilauea east rift zone isactively evolving and has characteristics ranging from low-temperature benign fluids to high-temperature,highlyaggressive fluids that may provide both an economically viablegeothermal resource and a natural laboratory for the study ofore-forming and geochemical-cycling processes.  \n# INTRODUCTION\n\nExploration for geothermal resources in Hawaii began in 1962when four shallow wells were drilled into the Kilauea lower east riftzone(LERZ)(fg.56.1;table 56.1)in an effort to develop acommercial steam resource.Although all four wells encounteredabove-ambient temperatures,none discovered an economically usefulsteam or hot-water resource.A second effort to study the deepthermal conditions on the Kilauea east rift zone(ERZ)was initiatedin 1972 under funding from the National Science Foundation.Thiseffort culminated in the drilling and completion of the 1,966-meter-deep Hawaii Geothermal Project well A(HGP-A)in 1976.  \n# A GEOCHEMICAL MODEL OF THE KILAUEA EAST RIFT ZONE\n\nBy Donald Thomas  \nTesting of this well indicated that temperatures of 358℃ werepresent at the bottom of the hole and that the well was capable ofproducing approximately 48 tonnes per hour(th)of steam and hotwater.A geothermal generator facility was installed on this well in1981 and,as of July 1985,has been in operation for approximately44 months.Subsequent to the completion and initial testing ofHGPA,six privately financed deep exploration wells have beendrilled into the LERZ.The data that have been obtained from thedeep exploratory drilling into the rift and from the long-termdischarge of HGP-A have now provided us with sufficient informa-tion to develop a preliminary model of the hydrothermal systemassociated with the ERZ  \n## ACKNOWLEDGMENTS\n\nThe research resuts reported here have been made possibleonly through the capable assistance and willing cooperation ofnumerous very able individuals.Field and laboratory asistance by  \nM.Dahlstrom,C.Fraley,D.Mills,J.McCullough,B.Taylor,L.Bergknut,E.DeCarlo,K.E.Cuff,M.E.Cox,R.Mitiguy,andR.Kochy is gratefully acknowledged.The cooperation andasistance of the Hawaii Geothermal Project saf—J.Shupe,P.Yuen,and L.Lopez—and Hawaii Electric Light Company—N.Oss,F.Kenne","cbCaimbeQHLpcBiV","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimbeQHLpcBiV","pdf",8334416,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# A Geochemical Model of the Kilauea East Rift Zone\n## Geologic Setting\n## Volcanism in Hawaii","[{\"question\":\"What evidence shows that Kilauea’s east rift zone contains substantial stored magma?\",\"answer\":\"Geologic, petrologic, and geophysical data indicate large volumes of molten magma are intruded into and stored within the east rift dike complex.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the thermal discharge from the lower rift characterized?\",\"answer\":\"Shallow groundwater hydrology and chemistry show strong effects from natural thermal discharge, indicating a continuous heat-loss rate estimated at 291 megawatts.\"},{\"question\":\"What do deep geothermal wells reveal about the hydrothermal system and alteration?\",\"answer\":\"Deep wells confirm high temperatures and an active hydrothermal system, and petrologic studies show intermittent, intense hydrothermal alteration reaching at least 2.5 km depth, with metamorphism to the greenschist facies.\"}]","Kilauea East Rift Zone Geochemical Model - A GEOCHEMICAL MODEL OF THE KILAUEA EAST RIFT ZONE | PDF",48]