[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-453621-105":59,"doc-detail-453621-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","kidney-targeted-nanoplatforms-strategies-and-applications","Kidney-targeted nanoplatforms: Strategies and applications","","Renal diseases remain a major global health burden, with an estimated 850 million individuals affected by chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, glomerulonephritis, and diabetic nephropathy. These multifactorial diseases collectively account for substantial morbidity and mortality burdens. This grim trajectory demands urgent development of drugs that can enhance renal efficacy while circumventing systemic toxicity. Engineered kidney-specific nanoplatforms deliver targeted therapeutics to improve efficacy and reduce off-target effects. This review details structure-function relationships, including passive physicochemical parameters and active receptor-ligand targeting.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/kidney-targeted-nanoplatforms-strategies-and-applications/453621/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/kidney-targeted-nanoplatforms-strategies-and-applications/453621.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"River Wang","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",16,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why are kidney-targeted nanoplatforms considered necessary for renal diseases?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Renal diseases are difficult to treat because pathological kidney architecture and biological barriers disrupt conventional pharmacokinetics, and dose escalation can increase off-target cytotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Kidney-targeted nanoplatforms aim to improve renal efficacy while reducing systemic toxicity.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How do engineered nanoplatforms enhance drug delivery to the kidney?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"They can deliver therapeutics to specific kidney regions and enable programmable interactions with renal cells via controlled surface chemistry and ligand functionalization. This supports both improved efficacy and diminished off-target effects.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What targeting strategies does the review emphasize?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The review focuses on passive targeting driven by key physicochemical parameters (e.g., particle size, surface charge, shape, and density) and active targeting based on specific receptor-ligand interactions. It also contrasts renal-specific mechanisms with conventional nanotherapeutics.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},453621,1791186795,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},1099514067438,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539ee87300030?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780474512215547542","Theranostics 2026, Vol. 16, Issue 6 3011  \nIvyspring  \nInternational Publisher  \nTheranostics  \n2026; 16(6): 3011-3031. doi: 10.7150/thno.126217  \nReview  \nKidney-targeted nanoplatforms: Strategies and applications  \nYucen Deng1,2,3,4\\#, Ziyu Liu5\\#, Xinyuan Zhu2, Youfu Wang2􀀍, Xuesong Feng3􀀍, Jinghui Yang1􀀍  \n1. Department of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.  \n2. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polyolefins and Catalysis, Research Institute of Polymer Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.  \n3. School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.  \n4. Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing Hospital, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401121, China.  \n5. Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.  \n\\# These authors contributed equally to this work.  \n􀀍 Corresponding authors: Prof. Youfu Wang, E-mail: [wyfown@sjtu.edu.cn](wyfown@sjtu.edu.cn); Prof. Xuesong Feng, E-mail: [xsfeng@cmu.edu.cn](xsfeng@cmu.edu.cn); Prof. Jinghui Yang, E-mail: [yjh@smmu.edu.cn](yjh@smmu.edu.cn).  \n© The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)). See [https://ivyspring.com/terms](https://ivyspring.com/terms) for full terms and conditions.  \nReceived: 2025.10.02; Accepted: 2025.11.25; Published: 2026.01.01  \nAbstract  \nRenal diseases remain a major global health burden, with an estimated 850 million individuals affected by chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, glomerulonephritis, and diabetic nephropathy. These multifactorial diseases collectively account for substantial morbidity and mortality burdens. This grim trajectory demands urgent development of drugs that are capable of simultaneously enhancing renal efficacy while circumventing systemic toxicity. In response to this challenge, engineered nanoplatforms designed specifically for the treatment of kidney diseases have emerged as a promising solution. These nanoplatforms offer the unique ability to deliver targeted therapeutics directly to specific regions of the kidney, thereby improving drug efficacy while reducing off-target effects. Unlike the well-established oncological applications of nanomedicine, renal-specific formulations remain in their developmental nascency. Nevertheless, accumulating preclinical evidence indicates that nanotherapeutics hold significant promise for improving the clinical management of kidney diseases through targeted and mechanism-based interventions. The nephrotropic mechanisms and structural determinants of renal nanoplatforms fundamentally diverge from those of conventional nanotherapeutics. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the principles governing renal targeting is essential for designing nanomedicines that achieve precise kidney-specific delivery while ensuring biosafety. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of structure-function relationships that govern the targeting efficiency and biodistribution of nanoparticles in the kidney, with a focus on passive targeting mechanisms driven by key physicochemical parameters, such as particle size, surface charge, shape, and density, as well as active targeting strategies based on specific receptor-ligand interactions.  \nKeywords: kidney-targeted; nanoplatforms; nanodelivery; structure-function relationships  \n1. Introduction  \nThe human kidney, a retroperitoneal organ with a distinctive biconcave morphology [1-4], serves as a master regulator of systemic homeostasis [5-8] . Beyond its canonical role in urinary solute excretion and fluid-electrolyte balance [9], this organ orchestrates multifaceted physiological processes: modulating circulatory dynamics through","cbCaimS3Xg4SEsj1","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimS3Xg4SEsj1","pdf",5173411,21,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# 1. Introduction","[{\"question\":\"Why are kidney-targeted nanoplatforms considered necessary for renal diseases?\",\"answer\":\"Renal diseases are difficult to treat because pathological kidney architecture and biological barriers disrupt conventional pharmacokinetics, and dose escalation can increase off-target cytotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Kidney-targeted nanoplatforms aim to improve renal efficacy while reducing systemic toxicity.\"},{\"question\":\"How do engineered nanoplatforms enhance drug delivery to the kidney?\",\"answer\":\"They can deliver therapeutics to specific kidney regions and enable programmable interactions with renal cells via controlled surface chemistry and ligand functionalization. This supports both improved efficacy and diminished off-target effects.\"},{\"question\":\"What targeting strategies does the review emphasize?\",\"answer\":\"The review focuses on passive targeting driven by key physicochemical parameters (e.g., particle size, surface charge, shape, and density) and active targeting based on specific receptor-ligand interactions. It also contrasts renal-specific mechanisms with conventional nanotherapeutics.\"}]","Kidney-targeted nanoplatforms: Strategies and applications | PDF",1790739234,53]