[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-455877-105":59,"doc-detail-455877-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","key-clinical-and-demographic-factors-influencing-head-and-neck-tumor-severity-in-lagos","Key clinical and demographic factors influencing head and neck tumor severity in Lagos","","Head and neck tumors present a major health challenge in Nigeria, but the determinants of tumor severity in Lagos have remained insufficiently characterized. This study analyzed tumor diagnoses from 2000–2024 from Lagos University Teaching Hospital records, reviewing surgical biopsy and histopathology reports, and grouped tumor sites into five anatomical regions. Using descriptive statistics and predictive modeling with data splitting and leave-one-out cross-validation, the study identified age, site, laterality, and presentation duration as key predictors of malignancy severity.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/key-clinical-and-demographic-factors-influencing-head-and-neck-tumor-severity-in-lagos/455877/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/key-clinical-and-demographic-factors-influencing-head-and-neck-tumor-severity-in-lagos/455877.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Maya Linwood","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the main objective of the study in Lagos?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To identify key clinical and demographic predictors of tumor severity and develop a malignancy risk prediction model for tumors diagnosed in Lagos, Nigeria.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which factors were significantly associated with tumor severity?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Tumor severity was significantly associated with age, tumor site, laterality, presentation duration, and sex, with males more susceptible to malignancy.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How was the predictive model for malignancy risk developed and evaluated?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The model used data splitting and leave-one-out cross-validation, based on reviewed clinical biopsy and histopathology records from 2000 to 2024.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},455877,1791429512,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962084928432,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Aladenika etal. BMCOral Health (2026) 26:20 BMC Oral Health  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-07235-0](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-07235-0)  \nRESEARCH Open Access  \nKey clinical and demographic factors influencing head and neck tumor severity in Lagos  \nEmmanuel Temitope Aladenika 1,2*, Warith Olaitan Akinshipo3, Adegbayi Adeola Adekunle4, Tosin Bakare3, Tamara Busch 1,2, Olajumoke Ajibola Effiom3, Wasiu Adeyemo4 and Azeez Butali 1,2*  \nAbstract  \nBackground Head and neck tumors pose a major health challenge in Nigeria, yet the factors that influence their severity remain poorly understood. No predictive model currently exists to assess malignancy risk in this population. This study aimed to identify key clinical and demographic predictors and to develop a model for malignancy risk in tumors diagnosed in Lagos, Nigeria.  \nMethods We analyzed patient records with tumor diagnoses from 2000 to 2024, obtained from the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology departments ofthe Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Surgical biopsy records and corresponding histopathology reports were reviewed. Tumor sites were grouped into five anatomical regions: mandible, midface, oral mucosa and salivary glands, extra oral, and unspecified regions. Descriptive statistics summarized patient and tumor features, while statistical analyses examined associations between demographics and tumor severity (benign/malignant) . A predictive model for tumor severity was developed using data-splitting and leave-one-out cross-validation approaches.  \nResults Of the 1,068 patients, 1,062 had confirmed diagnoses. Median age was 35 years [IQR:23–52], 53. 96% were male, and the mandible was the most common site (48 . 31%) . Tumors were most frequent on the right (30 . 13%) and measured 6 × 4x2cm on average. Median duration of presentation was 12 months [IQR:5–36], with 50. 75% benign tumors. Tumor severity was significantly associated with age (47 vs. 28 years), site, laterality, duration (p \u003C 0. 001), and sex (p = 0 . 024), with males more susceptible to malignancy. Age inversely correlated with presentation duration (p = 0 . 00067), and tumor site was not associated with sex (p = 0 . 054) . Conventional ameloblastoma was the most common benign tumor, while squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignancy. Multivariate analysis showed malignancy was associated with age (OR = 1 . 61; p \u003C 0. 001), tumor site (midface (OR = 3 . 88), oral mucosa and salivary glands (OR = 23 . 8), and extraoral sites (OR = 108 . 01) compared to the mandible [all p \u003C 0. 001]), length (OR = 1 . 93; p \u003C 0. 001), and shorter duration (OR = 0 . 68; p \u003C 0. 001) . Central (OR = 0 . 2), left (OR = 0 .46), or right laterality  \n*Correspondence:  \nEmmanuel Temitope Aladenika [emmanuel-aladenika@uiowa.edu](emmanuel-aladenika@uiowa.edu)[ ](emmanuel-aladenika@uiowa.edu)Azeez Butali [azeez-butali@uiowa.edu](azeez-butali@uiowa.edu)  \nFull list of author information is available at the end of the article  \n© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://creativecommons.org/l](http://creativecommons.org/l)icenses/by/4.0/.  \nAladenika et al. BMC Oral Health (2026) 26:20 Page 2 of 11  \n(OR = 0 . 32) lowered","cbCaik9hi2tEZLKZ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaik9hi2tEZLKZ","pdf",1890673,11,"English","# Abstract\n# Background\n## Orofacial tumors and classification\n## Etiopathogenesis and impacts\n# Methods\n## Data sources and study period\n## Tumor site grouping\n## Statistical analysis and prediction model\n# Results\n## Patient characteristics\n## Associations with tumor severity\n# Conclusions","[{\"question\":\"What was the main objective of the study in Lagos?\",\"answer\":\"To identify key clinical and demographic predictors of tumor severity and develop a malignancy risk prediction model for tumors diagnosed in Lagos, Nigeria.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors were significantly associated with tumor severity?\",\"answer\":\"Tumor severity was significantly associated with age, tumor site, laterality, presentation duration, and sex, with males more susceptible to malignancy.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the predictive model for malignancy risk developed and evaluated?\",\"answer\":\"The model used data splitting and leave-one-out cross-validation, based on reviewed clinical biopsy and histopathology records from 2000 to 2024.\"}]","Key clinical and demographic factors influencing head and neck tumor severity in Lagos | PDF",1790744563,28]