[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-603253-105":59,"doc-detail-603253-en":129},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":122,"head_meta":124,"extra_data":126,"updated_unix":128},105,"en","keeping-schools-out-of-court-legally-defensible-models-of-leadership","Keeping Schools Out of Court - Legally Defensible Models of Leadership","","Keeping Schools Out of Court examines a leadership knowledge gap related to bullying, especially cyberbullying, in the context of parents suing schools for failing to protect victims. It argues for three legal and ethical priorities: avoiding criminalization of children, clarifying educators’ duties to prevent psychological harm, and defining obligations to maintain school climates that reduce bullying and support equal learning opportunities. It recommends law-related education grounded in leadership, social justice, and ethics of care.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/keeping-schools-out-of-court-legally-defensible-models-of-leadership/603253/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/keeping-schools-out-of-court-legally-defensible-models-of-leadership/603253.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"moss~","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What knowledge gap does the paper highlight in leadership models?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"It highlights a gap regarding how leadership models address bullying, with particular focus on cyberbullying as an emerging form of student harassment.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"What legal and leadership considerations does the paper recommend?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"It recommends three considerations: avoid criminalizing children and adolescents, clarify educators’ legal obligations to protect students from psychological harm, and delimit educators’ obligations to sustain environments that reduce bullying and create equal learning opportunities.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"How does the paper describe cyberbullying compared with other bullying forms?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"Cyberbullying is described as a form of covert bullying carried out through the Internet, often involving anonymous hateful comments or threats, with potentially devastating long-term psychological effects for victims.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},603253,1792095972,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":41},962090895452,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Keeping Schools Out of Court: Legally Defensible Models of Leadership  \nby Shaheen Shariff  \nAbstract  \nThis paper draws attention toa knowledge gap in leadership models regarding bullying, particularly cyberbullying, an emergent form of student harassment. Given that parents are suing schools for failing to protect victims of bullying, educators need guidance in addressing harassment and discriminatory discourse in popular youth culture.  \nThe focus is on three important considerations: (1) the need to avoid criminalizing children and adolescents; (2) the need to clarify educators’ legal obligations to protect students from psychological harm; and (3) the need to delimit educators’ legal obligations to sustain school environments that reduce bullying and create equal opportunities for learning. Improved law-related courses, grounded in compatible theories on leadership, social justice, and ethics of care, are recommended for education students. Educators who take courses in these disciplines show great promise in helping schools navigate the unprecedented dilemmas of technology and pluralism through ethical and legally defensible alternatives.  \nContemporary schools provide a milieu in which the exchange of differences in culture, morals, religion, and language has the potential to enrich students’ lives. This setting also can produce an environment where competing rights, violence, discrimination, and exclusion of some students is a reality. As schools undergo changing demographics, numerous policies to promote equality and reduce discrimination, bullying, and violence have been introduced. These include multicultural, antiracism, and zero-tolerance  \n222  \nEssays  \npolicies; critical incidence response strategies; and mission statements. The challenge is ensuring that the stated objectives of promoting“inclusive school climates” or“safe and caring school communities of learning” are implemented in actual practice (LaRocque and Shariff 2001, 5) .  \nResearch (Shariff 2003; LaRocque and Shariff 2001) has suggested that the plethora of initiatives schools currently employ are largely ineffective and counterproductive. Zero-tolerance policies that originate in military models of discipline (Skiba and Peterson 1999; Giroux 2003) and anti-bullying programs that tell victims to walk away from bullies ignore the realities that come with increased diversity, popular culture, and evolving technology. They also contradict mission and policy objectives to provide safe, caring, and inclusive school environments.  \nCyberbullying is an emerging form of harassment that is the product of technological change. It poses a difficult challenge for educational leaders because it occurs in a virtual environment. Preliminary investigation has suggested that schools are reluctant to address this form of bullying despite its potential for long-term psychological harm to the students involved (Leishman 2002) . While awareness of cyberbullying has increased, few have considered the extent of educators’ responsibilities to address it. This article addresses the knowledge gap in educational leadership related to harassment and bullying, specifically cyberbullying, discusses legal obligations, and outlines considerations for leadership models.  \nBullying: Conditions, Forms, and Influences  \nBullying typically adopts two forms: overt and covert. Overt bullying involves physical aggression, such as beating, kicking, shoving, and sexual touching. It can be accompanied by covert bullying, in which victims are excluded from peer groups, stalked, stared at, gossiped about, verbally threatened, and harassed (Olweus 2001; Pepler 1997) . Covert bullying can be random or discriminatory—racial, sexual, homophobic, or based on social class, abilities, or disabilities (Shariff 2003) . Victims can be selected based on their gender, manner of dress, accent, race, sexual orientation, abilities or disabilities, socioeconomic class, religious beliefs, or weight (Glover, Ca","cbCaio8fMaueiDL9","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaio8fMaueiDL9","pdf",156385,12,"English","# Abstract\n# Bullying: Conditions, Forms, and Influences\n## Teen Talk","[{\"question\":\"What knowledge gap does the paper highlight in leadership models?\",\"answer\":\"It highlights a gap regarding how leadership models address bullying, with particular focus on cyberbullying as an emerging form of student harassment.\"},{\"question\":\"What legal and leadership considerations does the paper recommend?\",\"answer\":\"It recommends three considerations: avoid criminalizing children and adolescents, clarify educators’ legal obligations to protect students from psychological harm, and delimit educators’ obligations to sustain environments that reduce bullying and create equal learning opportunities.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the paper describe cyberbullying compared with other bullying forms?\",\"answer\":\"Cyberbullying is described as a form of covert bullying carried out through the Internet, often involving anonymous hateful comments or threats, with potentially devastating long-term psychological effects for victims.\"}]","Keeping Schools Out of Court - Legally Defensible Models of Leadership | PDF"]