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Guidance extends to vasodilator therapy, growth factor and adenosine receptor antagonist interventions, and prevention approaches for aminoglycoside- and amphotericin-related AKI, including contrast-induced AKI. The document also addresses dialysis intervention timing, stopping criteria, anticoagulation, vascular access, dialyzer membranes, modality choice, buffer solutions, and dosing, supported by tables and 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for Acute Kidney Injury  \nVOLUME 2 | ISSUE 1 | MARCH 2012 [http://www.kidney-international.org](http://www.kidney-international.org)  \n& 2012 KDIGO  \nVOL 2| SUPPLEMENT 1 | MARCH 2012  \nKDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury  \niv Tables and Figures  \n1 Notice  \n2 Work Group Membership  \n3 KDIGO Board Members  \n4 Reference Keys  \n5 Abbreviations and Acronyms  \n6 Abstract  \n7 Foreword  \n8 Summary of Recommendation Statements  \n13 Section 1: Introduction and Methodology  \n13 Chapter 1.1: Introduction  \n17 Chapter 1.2: Methodology  \n19 Section 2: AKI Definition  \n19 Chapter 2.1: Definition and classification of AKI  \n23 Chapter 2.2: Risk assessment  \n25 Chapter 2.3: Evaluation and general management of patients with and at risk for AKI  \n28 Chapter 2.4: Clinical applications  \n33 Chapter 2.5: Diagnostic approach to alterations in kidney function and structure  \n37 Section 3: Prevention and Treatment of AKI  \n37 Chapter 3.1: Hemodynamic monitoring and support for prevention and management of AKI  \n42 Chapter 3.2: General supportive management of patients with AKI, including management of complications  \n43 Chapter 3.3: Glycemic control and nutritional support  \n47 Chapter 3.4: The use of diuretics in AKI  \n50 Chapter 3.5: Vasodilator therapy: dopamine, fenoldopam, and natriuretic peptides  \n57 Chapter 3.6: Growth factor intervention  \n59 Chapter 3.7: Adenosine receptor antagonists  \n61 Chapter 3.8: Prevention of aminoglycoside- and amphotericin-related AKI  \n66 Chapter 3.9: Other methods of prevention of AKI in the critically ill  \n69 Section 4: Contrast-induced AKI  \n69 Chapter 4.1: Contrast-induced AKI: definition, epidemiology, and prognosis  \n72 Chapter 4.2: Assessment of the population at risk for CI-AKI  \n76 Chapter 4.3: Nonpharmacological prevention strategies of CI-AKI  \n80 Chapter 4.4: Pharmacological prevention strategies of CI-AKI  \n87 Chapter 4.5: Effects of hemodialysis or hemofiltration  \n89 Section 5: Dialysis Interventions for Treatment of AKI  \n89 Chapter 5.1: Timing of renal replacement therapy in AKI  \n93 Chapter 5.2: Criteria for stopping renal replacement therapy in AKI  \n95 Chapter 5.3: Anticoagulation  \n101 Chapter 5.4: Vascular access for renal replacement therapy in AKI  \n105 Chapter 5.5: Dialyzer membranes for renal replacement therapy in AKI  \n107 Chapter 5.6: Modality of renal replacement therapy for patients with AKI  \n111 Chapter 5.7: Buffer solutions for renal replacement therapy in patients with AKI  \n113 Chapter 5.8: Dose of renal replacement therapy in AKI  \n116 Biographic and Disclosure Information  \n122 Acknowledgments  \n124 References  \n& 2012 KDIGO  \nTABLES  \n18 Table 1. Implications of the strength of a recommendation  \n19 Table 2. Staging of AKI  \n21 Table 3. Comparison of RIFLE and AKIN criteria for diagnosis and classification of AKI  \n21 Table 4. Cross-tabulation of patients classified by RIFLE vs. AKIN  \n22 Table 5. Causes of AKI and diagnostic tests  \n23 Table 6. Causes of AKI: exposures and susceptibilities for non-specific AKI  \n28 Table 7. AKI diagnosis  \n29 Table 8. Overview of the approaches to determine baseline SCr in the application of RIFLE classification in previous studies  \n29 Table 9. Estimated baseline SCr  \n30 Table 10. AKI staging  \n33 Table 11. Definitions of AKI, CKD, and AKD  \n33 Table 12. Examples of AKI, CKD, and AKD based on GFR and increases in SCr  \n35 Table 13. Markers of kidney damage in AKD and CKD  \n35 Table 14. Integrated approach to interpret measures of kidney function and structure for diagnosis of AKI, AKD, and CKD  \n73 Table 15. CI-AKI risk-scoring model for percutaneous coronary intervention  \n77 Table 16. Additional radiological measures to reduce CI-AKI  \n91 Table 17. Potential applications for RRT  \n91 Table 18. Fluid overload and outcome in critically ill children with AKI  \n97 Table 19. Overview of the advantages and disadvantages of di","cbCaidpS0gZK0J7n","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidpS0gZK0J7n","pdf",1650239,141,"English","# Notice\n# Work Group Membership\n# KDIGO Board Members\n# Reference Keys\n# Abbreviations and Acronyms\n# Abstract\n# Foreword\n# Summary of Recommendation Statements\n# Section 1: Introduction and Methodology\n## Chapter 1.1: Introduction\n## Chapter 1.2: Methodology\n# Section 2: AKI Definition\n## Chapter 2.1: Definition and classification of AKI\n## Chapter 2.2: Risk assessment\n## Chapter 2.3: Evaluation and general management\n## Chapter 2.4: Clinical applications\n## Chapter 2.5: Diagnostic approach\n# Section 3: Prevention and Treatment of AKI\n## Chapter 3.1: Hemodynamic monitoring and support\n## Chapter 3.2: General supportive management\n## Chapter 3.3: Glycemic control and nutritional support\n## Chapter 3.4: Use of diuretics\n## Chapter 3.5: Vasodilator therapy\n## Chapter 3.6: Growth factor intervention\n## Chapter 3.7: Adenosine receptor antagonists\n## Chapter 3.8: Prevention of aminoglycoside- and amphotericin-related AKI\n## Chapter 3.9: Other prevention methods in critically ill","[{\"question\":\"What does the guideline cover for defining and classifying acute kidney injury (AKI)?\",\"answer\":\"It provides guidance on AKI definition and classification, including staging, risk assessment, and how to apply diagnostic concepts to patients at risk for AKI.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the guideline address prevention and treatment of AKI?\",\"answer\":\"It covers hemodynamic monitoring and support, general supportive management, glycemic control and nutritional support, diuretics, vasodilators, and several pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic prevention strategies.\"},{\"question\":\"What dialysis topics are included for treating AKI?\",\"answer\":\"It details timing of renal replacement therapy, criteria for stopping therapy, anticoagulation, vascular access, dialyzer membranes, modality selection, buffer solutions, and dosing considerations.\"}]","KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury - Volume 2 - March 2012 Supplement | PDF",1790668649,355]