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The scoping review maps how kawaii is treated as a factor of design and experience, clarifying theoretical and methodological gaps while outlining opportunities for future work.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/kawaii-computing-japanese-notion-of-cute-in-user-experiences-with-interactive-systems/136913/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/kawaii-computing-japanese-notion-of-cute-in-user-experiences-with-interactive-systems/136913.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Hazel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-17","2026-08-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What does “kawaii computing” focus on in HCI research?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It focuses on how the Japanese notion of “cute” is explored as a factor of interaction design and user experience, including UX and mental models shaped by Japan’s socio-cultural context.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How is kawaii distinguished from general “cute” in this work?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Kawaii computing treats kawaii as experiential and culturally sensitive, emphasizing affective and cultural dimensions rather than only appearance or generic cuteness.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What review method does the document use?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"It conducts a scoping review following Munn et al.’s guidelines and the PRISMA-ScR protocol, with specific deviations noted regarding medical-field conventions like structured abstracts.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},136913,1787395257,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":144},137441390410,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2000252f4ab5702993?_k=1776741390130283984","Kawaii Computing: Scoping Out the Japanese Notion of Cute in User Experiences with Interactive Systems  \nYijia Wang  \n[wang.y.cf@m.titech.ac.jp](wang.y.cf@m.titech.ac.jp)[ ](wang.y.cf@m.titech.ac.jp)Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo, Japan  \nKatie Seaborn  \n[seaborn.k.aa@m.titech.ac.jp](seaborn.k.aa@m.titech.ac.jp)[ ](seaborn.k.aa@m.titech.ac.jp)Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo, Japan  \narXiv :2405 .08244v1 [ cs .HC] 14 May 2024  \nABSTRACT  \nKawaii computing is a new term for a steadily growing body of work on the Japanese notion of “cute” in human-computer interaction (HCI) research and practice. Kawaii is distinguished from general notions of cute by its experiential and culturally-sensitive nature. While it can be designed into the appearance and behaviour of interactive agents, interfaces, and systems, kawaii also refers to certain affective and cultural dimensions experienced by culturally Japanese users, i.e., kawaii user experiences (UX) and mental models of kawaii elicited by the socio-cultural context of Japan. In this scoping review, we map out the ways in which kawaii has been explored within HCI research and related fields as a factor of design and experience. We illuminate theoretical and methodological gaps and opportunities for future work on kawaii computing.  \nCCS CONCEPTS  \n• Human-centered computing → Human computer interaction (HCI);•General and reference→ Surveys and overviews;• Applied computing → Psychology.  \nKEYWORDS  \nKawaii computing, kawaii, computer agents, virtual characters, robots, scoping review, literature review, human-computer interaction  \n1 INTRODUCTION  \n\"Kawaii\" is the Japanese term for \"cute,\" simply put. Kawaii is recognized the world over as representative of Japanese popular culture [55]. Not limited in Japan, kawaii has been adopted as a global phenomenon across various forms of media and beyond [81] . It plays a critical role in the worldwide success of many Japanese products [38] and cultural exports [31, 39], such as Hello Kitty [34] and the Pokémon series of anime and games [2] . Although kawaiiis associated with the general idea of \"cute\" and often translated into English as \"cute,\" there are nuanced differences between these concepts that psychological research has linked to Japanese culture [56] . Kawaii has positive meanings, such as lovable, adorable, pretty, charming, and sometimes pity [6, 35, 36, 56, 69, 81] . However, kawaii is not only a matter of appearance, but also a positive affective response that, among Japanese people, can be heightened by the social context [58] .  \nThe concept of kawaii has been explored in psychology from cognitive science and behavioural perspectives [55, 56, 58]. A small amount of work in human-computer interaction (HCI), humanrobot interaction (HRI), and human-agent interaction (HAI) [15, 79] has followed suit. A wide array of often disconnected work exists. Kawaii has been explored in agent design (e.g., crafting agents  \nwith kawaii features to improve user ratings [77, 78]), user experience or UX (e.g., people having more tolerance [41], care responses to agents [51]), interpretive frameworks (e.g., a visual framework ofkawaii attributes[86], and user models, including those grounded in participant data [36, 37]) . However, little research has distinguished kawaii and cute clearly in HCI context. This makes it difficult to clarify what is meant by \"kawaii,\" especially when the term is used outside of the Japanese context, i.e., without Japanese researchers, designers, and/or users (e.g., compare [96]) and [77]) . Indeed, there is yet no kawaii computing \"field of study\" nor consensus, such as by way of a systematic review. This creates a disconnect between HCI and related domains with the strong theoretical and empirical foundation established in psychology[55, 56, 58] . We appear to have a gap in our understanding of how kawaii has been, could be, and perhaps should be explored in HCI and adjacent fields.  \nIn this preliminary work, we off","cbCait71CIesuMdq","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCait71CIesuMdq","pdf",273340,"English","# Introduction\n## Kawaii as a Japanese concept in HCI\n# Methods\n## Scoping review methodology and protocol\n## PRISMA-ScR adaptation","[{\"question\":\"What does “kawaii computing” focus on in HCI research?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on how the Japanese notion of “cute” is explored as a factor of interaction design and user experience, including UX and mental models shaped by Japan’s socio-cultural context.\"},{\"question\":\"How is kawaii distinguished from general “cute” in this work?\",\"answer\":\"Kawaii computing treats kawaii as experiential and culturally sensitive, emphasizing affective and cultural dimensions rather than only appearance or generic cuteness.\"},{\"question\":\"What review method does the document use?\",\"answer\":\"It conducts a scoping review following Munn et al.’s guidelines and the PRISMA-ScR protocol, with specific deviations noted regarding medical-field conventions like structured abstracts.\"}]","Kawaii Computing - Japanese Notion of Cute in User Experiences with Interactive Systems | PDF",23]