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Using data from open sources and public materials dating to 1990, it examines how locations, timing, and student involvement relate to youth-perpetrated gun violence. It also formalizes the TASSS definition of school-associated gun violence and highlights differing contexts, perpetrator patterns, and implications for tailored prevention and response strategies.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/k-12-school-shootings-in-context-new-findings-from-the-american-school-shooting-study-tasss-policy-brief/585894/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/k-12-school-shootings-in-context-new-findings-from-the-american-school-shooting-study-tasss-policy-brief/585894.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jordan Avery","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-06","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is The American School Shooting Study (TASSS)?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"TASSS is an ongoing mixed-method project funded by the National Institute of Justice to catalog U.S. school shootings, using data compiled from open sources and other public materials dating back to 1990.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does TASSS define “school-associated gun violence”?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It defines school-associated gun violence as the firing of a gun anywhere on K-12 school property that results in one or more gunshot injuries or fatalities, regardless of time of day or season.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why does the brief emphasize differences in context and inclusion criteria?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Discrepancies in prior research persist due to varying definitions and datasets, including whether violence occurs inside or outside school premises; the brief argues for differentiating incident contexts to support tailored intervention strategies.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},585894,1792074384,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1099523882367,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","POLICY BRIEF  \nK-12 School Shootings in Context  \nNew Findings from The American School Shooting Study (TASSS)  \nBrent R. Klein Joshua D. Freilich Steven M. Chermak  \nAugust 2023  \nSYNOPSIS  \nThe American School Shooting Study (TASSS) is an ongoing mixedmethod project funded by the National Institute of Justice to catalog US school shootings. It has amassed data based on open sources and other public materials dating back to 1990. This brief presents new insights from TASSS, diving deeper into the database’s potential to examine the locations, timing, and student involvement of youth-perpetrated gun violence.  \nTASSS DEFINES  \n“SCHOOL-ASSOCIATED GUN VIOLENCE” AS:  \nThe firing of a gun anywhere on K-12 school property, resulting in one or more gunshot injuries or fatalities, irrespective of the time of day or season.  \nThis research was supported by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, US Department of Justice (awards 2016-CK-BX- 0013; 2018-R2-CX-0002). The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this 2023 publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Department of Justice.  \nABOUT THE AUTHORS  \nBrent R. Klein is an assistant professor of criminology and criminal justice at the University of South Carolina  \nJoshua D. Freilich is a professor in the Criminal Justice Department at John Jay College  \nSteven M. Chermak is a professor in the School of Criminal Justice at Michigan State University  \nK-12 SCHOOL SHOOTINGS IN CONTEXT  \nNew Findings from The American School Shooting Study (TASSS)  \nINTRODUCTION  \nAlthough statistically rare, fatal and nonfatal shootings in the United States at elementary, middle, and secondary schools remain important crime problems with significant public policy implications. Indeed, the impact of such violence exceeds the devastating fatalities and immense sorrow that survivors, families, and communities experience. Even one gunshot fired at a school can subject numerous individuals to the traumas of gun violence.1 Recent polls indicate that school shootings can also sway broader public viewson crime, including attitudes toward violence reduction.2 As a result, school shootings have become a focal point of US politics, sparking crucial debates on the most effective strategies for preventing and responding to gun violence, both inside and outside K-12 schools.  \nWhile there has been a recent surge in school firearm violence studies, discrepancies persist in the research due to variations in definitions and datasets. Initially, our comprehension of school shootings originated from narrow studies focused on small samples of highly publicized mass killings where attackers indiscriminately fired upon multiple victims in their schools.3 By contrast, recent progress in quantitative studies and the establishment of extensive databases have provided alternative perspectives on the characteristics of school shootings more broadly.4, 5, 6, 7 Within this domain, however, there are disparities in inclusion criteria, as some studies encompass school-related violence occurring both within and outside of school premises, leading to an inconsistent research base.8  \nWe created The American School Shooting Study (TASSS) in 2016 to address these incongruencies in the existing research.9 Previously, we reported findings from TASSSon the patterns and nature of US school-associated gun violence between 1990 and 2016,10 defined as the firing of a gun anywhere on K-12 school property, resulting in one or  \nWithin this domain, however, there are disparities in inclusion criteria, as some studies encompass school-related violence occurring both within and outside of school premises, leading to an inconsistent research base.  \nmore gunshot injuries or fatalities, irrespective of the time of day or season. Our findings suggested critical nuances in school firearm violence regarding the situations they encompass, the characteristics of the pe","cbCaitRlQNVVrJl9","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitRlQNVVrJl9","pdf",1003849,21,"English","# Synopsis\n# TASSS Defines\n# About the Authors\n# K-12 School Shootings in Context\n## Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What is The American School Shooting Study (TASSS)?\",\"answer\":\"TASSS is an ongoing mixed-method project funded by the National Institute of Justice to catalog U.S. school shootings, using data compiled from open sources and other public materials dating back to 1990.\"},{\"question\":\"How does TASSS define “school-associated gun violence”?\",\"answer\":\"It defines school-associated gun violence as the firing of a gun anywhere on K-12 school property that results in one or more gunshot injuries or fatalities, regardless of time of day or season.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the brief emphasize differences in context and inclusion criteria?\",\"answer\":\"Discrepancies in prior research persist due to varying definitions and datasets, including whether violence occurs inside or outside school premises; the brief argues for differentiating incident contexts to support tailored intervention strategies.\"}]","K-12 School Shootings in Context - New Findings from The American School Shooting Study (TASSS) - Policy Brief | PDF",1792056262,53]