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The urgency of this research stems from the Indonesian government’s initiative to establish and revitalize more than 80,000 village cooperatives under a centralized regulatory framework amid challenges such as regulatory ambiguity and limited managerial and digital capacity. Using a normative–empirical legal methodology, the study finds KDMP legal policy is shaped by institutional and process models, yielding rapid rollout but structural misalignment with village readiness. Juridical and non-juridical factors jointly affect outcomes. Comparative analysis shows governance structures drive sustainability differences. The study recommends strengthening member-based governance, simplifying overlapping regulations, and reducing excessive centralization to enhance sustainability and long-term effectiveness.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/jurnal-ius-kajian-hukum-dan-keadilan-legal-policy-model-of-the-red-and-white-village-cooperative-kdmp-implementation-factors-and-comparative-insights-from-brazil-denmark-and-japan/229041/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/jurnal-ius-kajian-hukum-dan-keadilan-legal-policy-model-of-the-red-and-white-village-cooperative-kdmp-implementation-factors-and-comparative-insights-from-brazil-denmark-and-japan/229041.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Himbo","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-10",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",24,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What does the study examine regarding the KDMP?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The study examines the KDMP legal policy model, the factors influencing its implementation, and Indonesia’s comparative position toward cooperative systems in Brazil, Denmark, and Japan.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Why is KDMP research considered urgent?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The urgency comes from a large-scale Indonesian initiative to create and revitalize thousands of village cooperatives through a centralized top-down regulatory framework while facing challenges such as regulatory ambiguity and limited managerial/digital capacity.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Which factors influence KDMP implementation outcomes?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Outcomes are influenced by juridical factors (regulatory clarity and policy coherence) and non-juridical factors, including human resources, digital infrastructure, and the level of member participation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},229041,1789035148,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},687197100911,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000239b6f1da00475?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1785132997149421697","Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan  \nVolume 13 Issue 3, December 2025, E-ISSN 2477-815X, P-ISSN 2303-3827 Indexing: Scopus, DOAJ, Sinta 1, open access at : [https://jurnalius.ac.id/](https://jurnalius.ac.id/)  \nLegal Policy Model of the Red and White Village Cooperative (KDMP): Implementation Factors and Comparative Insights from Brazil, Denmark, and Japan  \nNovie Afif Mauludin1 , Ary Wahyudi2 , Hafizatul Ulum3  \n1Faculty of Law, Al-Azhar Islamic University, Indonesia, [E-mail:](E-mail: novie.afifmauludin@gmail.com)[ ](E-mail: novie.afifmauludin@gmail.com)[novie.afifmauludin@gmail.com](E-mail: novie.afifmauludin@gmail.com)  \n2Faculty of Law, Al-Azhar Islamic University, Indonesia, E-mail: [aryw3274@gmail.com](aryw3274@gmail.com)  \n3Faculty of Law, Al-Azhar Islamic University, Indonesia, [E-mail:](E-mail: hafizatululum91@gmail.com)[ ](E-mail: hafizatululum91@gmail.com)[hafizatululum91@gmail.com](E-mail: hafizatululum91@gmail.com)  \nAbstract  \nThis study examines the legal policy model of theRed and White Village Cooperative (KDMP), the determinants of its implementation, and Indonesia’s comparative position vis-à-vis cooperative systems in Brazil, Denmark, and Japan. The urgency of this research stems from the Indonesian government’s large-scale initiative to establish and revitalize more than 80,000 village cooperatives through a centralized, top-down regulatory framework, implemented amid persistent structural challenges, including regulatory ambiguity, limited managerial and digital capacity, uneven infrastructure, and variations in community participation. Without careful legal policy evaluation, this model risks reproducing structural weaknesses previously observed in Indonesia’s Village Unit Cooperatives (KUD). Employing a normative–empirical legal methodology that integrates statutory analysis, conceptual inquiry, comparative law, and a sociological approach supported by interviews and field-based questionnairesin selected villages in West Nusa Tenggara, the study finds that KDMP’s legal policy is predominantly shaped by Thomas R. Dye’s institutional and process models. This centralized framework enables rapid nationwide implementation but reveals a structural misalignment between legal design and practical readiness at the village level. Implementation outcomes are influenced by both juridical factorsparticularly regulatory clarity and policy coherence and non-juridical factors, including human resources, digital infrastructure, and levels of member participation. A comparative analysis based on Ragone and Smorto’s functional framework demonstrates that, while Indonesia shares normative cooperative objectives with Brazil, Denmark, and Japan, differences in governance structures significantly affect sustainability outcomes. Brazil and Denmark illustrate the advantages of autonomy-based, bottomup cooperative models operating under flexible legal regimes. At the same time, Japan represents a hybrid trajectory in which early state coordination gradually transitions toward member-centered governance. This study contributes an integrated legal-policy model of KDMP that connects implementation realities with comparative insights. The findings indicate that strengthening member-based governance, simplifying overlapping regulations, and gradually reducing excessive centralization are essential to enhance sustainability, community ownership, and the long-term effectiveness of village-based cooperatives in Indonesia.  \nKeywords: Comparative Law; Legal Policy Model; Red and White Village Cooperative (KDMP).  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \nVillage cooperatives have long been positioned as a central instrument of rural economic Development in Indonesia. Normatively, cooperatives are constitutionally recognized as the backbone of the national economy under  \nCopyright (c) 2025 by Author(s), This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. DOI: [http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/ius.v13i3.1894](http://dx.","cbCail21UXcZuZSZ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCail21UXcZuZSZ","pdf",248608,26,"English","# Introduction\n## Legal framework and cooperative development in Indonesia\n## KDMP policy context and problem statement","[{\"question\":\"What does the study examine regarding the KDMP?\",\"answer\":\"The study examines the KDMP legal policy model, the factors influencing its implementation, and Indonesia’s comparative position toward cooperative systems in Brazil, Denmark, and Japan.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is KDMP research considered urgent?\",\"answer\":\"The urgency comes from a large-scale Indonesian initiative to create and revitalize thousands of village cooperatives through a centralized top-down regulatory framework while facing challenges such as regulatory ambiguity and limited managerial/digital capacity.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors influence KDMP implementation outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"Outcomes are influenced by juridical factors (regulatory clarity and policy coherence) and non-juridical factors, including human resources, digital infrastructure, and the level of member participation.\"}]","Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan - Legal Policy Model of the Red and White Village Cooperative (KDMP) - Implementation Factors and Comparative Insights from Brazil, Denmark, and Japan | PDF",66]