[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-45876-en":3,"doc-seo-45876-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},45876,1099514068035,"Ezra","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c",2,"Literature","Judith Becker Kroncong Indonesian Popular Music","Kroncong is introduced as a generic Indonesian popular music style, widely sung across the country and commonly linked to Portuguese influence in the 16th century. The distinctive features—European vocal phrases and simple chordal guitar accompaniment—are traced through cultural “naturalization,” showing how different regions reshape the sound. The article also explains how kroncong spread through eastern trading port cities, its slower adoption in Java, and its urban character shaped by local stereotypes and performance contexts.","# Kroncong,Indonesian Popular Music\n\nAuthor(s):Judith Becker  \nSource:Asian Music,Vol.7,No.1,Southeast Asia Issue(1975),pp.14-19  \nPublished by:University of Texas Press  \nStable URL:https://www.jstor.org/stable/833923  \nAccessed:23-10-201908:26 UTC  \nJSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars,researchers,and students discover,use,and build upon a widerange of content in a trusted digital archive.We use information technology and tools to increase productivity andfacilitate new forms of scholarship.For more information about JSTOR,please contact support@jstor.org.  \nYour use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms &Conditions of Use,available athttps://about.jstor.org/terms  \nUniversity of Texas Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize,preserve and extend accessto Asian Music  \n# KRONCONG,INDONESIAN POPULAR MUSICbyJudith Becker\n\nKroncong is the generic term for popular,sentimentalsongs sung throughout Indonesia and generally believed to havebeen introduced by the Portuguese sometime around the 16thcentury.The European vocal phrases and the simple chordalaccompaniment,usually played on guitar,distinguish kroncongfrom indigenous forms of popular music.  By now,kroncong hasundergone the subtle process of naturalization -each area hasstamped its special characteristics upon the kroncong playedthere -and it hardly makes sense anymore to speak of it as aforeign music.A history of kroncong,or even a descriptionof the various kinds_of kroncong has yet to be written,eitherin Indonesian or English.This article is the briefest ofintroductions to a musical style which has a wider audienceand more practitioners than any other in Indonesia.  \nKroncong was brought to eastern Indonesia(the Moluccasin particular)along with a guitar-like instrument by  \nPortuguese sailors and seems to have been rapidly accepted bythe indigenous populations.  The eastern islands were_the greattrading areas of Indonesia in the early centuries of Europeanpenetration.The trade centered on the coastal ports whichtranshipped goods from the interior of the_islands to otherlands.  Thus,coastal port cities such as Banjarmasin inKalimantan,Makassar in Sulawesi and Ambon and Ternate in theMoluccas all have similar characteristics which set them offfrom the interior areas of their respective islands.A few ofthe visible,outward signs of cultural unity among the portcities of the eastern islands are the use of the Indonesianlanguage_as a lingua franca(as opposed to the interior areas,which rely upon the regional language),large Chinese populations(both as traders and as owners of some of the finest Chineserestaurants in the world),and the ubiquitous presence ofkroncong.  \nKroncong seems to have taken considerable time to gain afoothold in Java.According to the few sources available,itdid not appear in Java before the late 19th century,and thenonly in the coastal area around present-day Jakarta.It becameassociated with a particular Javanese stereotype known as thebuaya,(crocodile),or the jago,(rooster).  The buaya or thejago in Java is a young male with no visible means of support,yet who dresses wel1,often flamboyantly,is handsome,virile,wears a \"fierce\",(i.e.thin,black),moustache,spends his timegambling,(usually in cock-fighting),drinking and seducingwomen.  This stereotype is one of the stock characters in thevarious kinds of modern Indonesian theater.  Women are attractedto him,men envy him,and everyone,of course,disapproves of him.  \nThe presence of the buaya kroncong which began in thenorthern commercial port cities of Java only slowly spreadinland.  Kroncong is still largely an urban music;the ruralareas are more likely to maintain gamelan traditions.In theearly 20th century,every neighborhood unit,(kampung),inJakarta had its own group of buaya kroncong:By this time thekroncong ensemble consisted of two to four instrumentalistsand singers including a mandolin,in addition to differentsizes of guitars.  The buaya kroncong were usually ","cbCaieWigB3gvnMg","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieWigB3gvnMg","pdf",683297,4,1,7,"English","en",105,"# Kroncong as an Indonesian popular music form\n## Origins and European influences\n## Naturalization across regions\n# Spread through trade and port cities\n## Eastern Indonesia and shared coastal characteristics\n## Adoption in Java and urban setting\n# Performance culture and stereotypes","[{\"question\":\"What are the defining musical characteristics of kroncong?\",\"answer\":\"Kroncong is distinguished by European vocal phrases and a simple chordal accompaniment, typically played on guitar.\"},{\"question\":\"How did kroncong spread through Indonesia according to the article?\",\"answer\":\"It was brought to eastern Indonesia with guitar-like instruments and rapidly accepted, especially in coastal trading ports. In Java, it gained a foothold only later, spreading gradually from northern commercial cities inland.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is kroncong described as largely urban rather than rural?\",\"answer\":\"The article states kroncong remained mostly an urban music, while rural areas were more likely to maintain gamelan traditions.\"}]",1783467740,11,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":28},"judith-becker-kroncong-indonesian-popular-music","",{"@graph":36,"@context":84},[37,52,67],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,47,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":11},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/judith-becker-kroncong-indonesian-popular-music/45876/",{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":53,"author":54,"headline":13,"publisher":56,"fileFormat":59,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":60,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":59,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":55},"Person",{"url":41,"name":57,"@type":58},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-13","2026-07-07",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"What are the defining musical characteristics of kroncong?","Question",{"text":74,"@type":75},"Kroncong is distinguished by European vocal phrases and a simple chordal accompaniment, typically played on guitar.","Answer",{"name":77,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":78},"How did kroncong spread through Indonesia according to the article?",{"text":79,"@type":75},"It was brought to eastern Indonesia with guitar-like instruments and rapidly accepted, especially in coastal trading ports. In Java, it gained a foothold only later, spreading gradually from northern commercial cities inland.",{"name":81,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":82},"Why is kroncong described as largely urban rather than rural?",{"text":83,"@type":75},"The article states kroncong remained mostly an urban music, while rural areas were more likely to maintain gamelan traditions.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":86,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":57,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":88,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":91},[92,96,99,103,108,113,117,122,127,130,134],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":98},80,"literature",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":100,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":104,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":105,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":107},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":109,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":110,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":112},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":114,"show_sort_weight":115,"slug":116},"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":119,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":133},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]