[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-665332-105":59,"doc-detail-665332-en":129},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":122,"head_meta":124,"extra_data":126,"updated_unix":128},105,"en","journey-inside-the-atom-chapter-8-81-rediscovering-the-roots-of-atomic-theory","Journey Inside the Atom - Chapter 8 - 8.1 Rediscovering the Roots of Atomic Theory","","Explores the historical development of the atomic concept, beginning with ancient Indian and Greek ideas of indivisible or smallest particles and moving through later scientific experiments. The text explains why atoms were long considered indivisible, then shows how evidence from radiation and radioactivity indicated smaller subatomic constituents. It highlights J.J. Thomson’s cathode ray experiments and how they led to the electron, addressing the neutral nature of atoms and the emergence of the “plum pudding” model.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/journey-inside-the-atom-chapter-8-81-rediscovering-the-roots-of-atomic-theory/665332/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/journey-inside-the-atom-chapter-8-81-rediscovering-the-roots-of-atomic-theory/665332.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Fans","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"Why did early thinkers propose the idea of the smallest indivisible particles?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"They considered that matter could be divided repeatedly until reaching particles that could no longer be divided, suggesting all matter is formed from combinations of such smallest constituents.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"How did discoveries about radiation and radioactivity change the view of atoms?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"They showed that atoms emit invisible energy and particles, proving that atoms contain smaller components and therefore were not truly indivisible.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"What did J.J. Thomson conclude from his cathode ray experiments?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"Cathode rays were identified as streams of negatively charged particles with much smaller mass than atoms, leading to the conclusion that electrons are fundamental components of all atoms.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},665332,1793298344,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":143},5909892330395,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Chapter  \nJourney Insidethe Atom  \n8  \n0906CH08  \nThink It Over  \nEverything that you see or observe,or feel around ismatter.You have learnt that matter consists of tinyparticles called atoms.Take a closer look at the picturegiven above.What do you observe?Do you notice that both livingbeings,like us,and non-living things,like a house,are ultimatelycomposed of atoms?These atoms are so tiny that they cannot beseen with the naked eye.  \nAre atoms thesmallest indivisibleparticles?  \n● Why do electronsnot fall into thenucleus eventhough theyare attracted toprotons in it?  \n·Why did scientistskeep modifyingatomic models?  \nYou may be wondering—Is an atom truly the smallest unit ofmatter,or can it be divided even further?  \nScientists,too,have been exploring whether atoms are divisible.If so,what are their constituents and how are these arranged?Let us examine how the concept of atoms emerged and how it hasbeen evolved since then.  \n# 8.1 Rediscovering the Roots of Atomic Theory\n\nLet us embark on a journey that takes us back more than 2,000 years,to theintellectuallandscapes of ancient India and ancient Greece.In these distantyet remarkably parallel civilisations,profound thinkers,such as AcharyaKanada in India,and Leucippus and Democritus in Greece,ponderedover the same fundamental question that has continued to inspire humaninquiry across centuries—What is everything made up of?  \nAcharya Kanada suggested that if matter(dravya)is divided repeatedly,you will reach a stage where you would encounter the smallest particlesthat can no longer be divided.He called these particles parmanus.His ideasare recorded in the Sanskrit text Vaisesika Sutras.A parmanu is infinitelysmall and cannot be perceived by the senses.Combinations of these formsdyads(groups of two parmanus)and triads(groups of three parmanus),and so on.It is out of these combinations that the whole of the materialuniverse,including the bodies of living beings,is created.However,thisdescription does not specify the proportions in which parmanus combineto form different substances.  \nThe Greek philosophers Leucippus and Democritus also proposeda similar idea.They called these indivisible particles atomos (in Greek,atomos means indivisible).  \nYou must remember that the concept of 'atom’originated as animaginary idea rather than from experimental observations.  \nMany centuries later,in 1808,John Dalton proposed his atomic theory.It was based on scientific experiments of that time.He proposed that allmatter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms.That is,the atomsare the fundamental building blocks of matter that cannot be brokendown into smaller parts.Dalton's atomic theory was the first scientificdescription of how matter is made.It became the starting point for thecurrent understanding of atomic structure.  \nYou may be wondering how Dalton's idea evolved into a model for thestructure ofthe atom.  \nFollowing Dalton's theory,scientists were curious to know the answersof the questions:  \n● What are atoms made up of?  \n● What would atoms look like if we could see them?  \n● What makes the atoms of one element different from the atoms ofanother element?  \n# 8.2A Short Historical Journey Through Atomic Models\n\nMore thana hundredyears ago,scientists tried to imagine what atoms mightlook like by proposing simple models.As new experiments were performedand new evidence came to light,these models were changed and improved.Although we now know that the early models were not fully correct,theyare still important because they show how science moves forward—onestep at a time,driven by curiosity,questioning,and experimentation.  \nUntil the late 19th century,atoms were thought to be the smallest,indivisible units of matter.However,scientists discovered thatcertain elements emit invisible energy and particles called radiation,  \na phenomenon known as radioactivity.This showed that atoms must becomposed of smaller particles,proving that they were not indivisible aspreviously believed. ","cbCaikxxvzsIZ8zs","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikxxvzsIZ8zs","pdf",5780286,22,"English","# Chapter 8\n## 8.1 Rediscovering the Roots of Atomic Theory\n## 8.2 A Short Historical Journey Through Atomic Models\n### 8.2.1 Thomson's model of an atom","[{\"question\":\"Why did early thinkers propose the idea of the smallest indivisible particles?\",\"answer\":\"They considered that matter could be divided repeatedly until reaching particles that could no longer be divided, suggesting all matter is formed from combinations of such smallest constituents.\"},{\"question\":\"How did discoveries about radiation and radioactivity change the view of atoms?\",\"answer\":\"They showed that atoms emit invisible energy and particles, proving that atoms contain smaller components and therefore were not truly indivisible.\"},{\"question\":\"What did J.J. Thomson conclude from his cathode ray experiments?\",\"answer\":\"Cathode rays were identified as streams of negatively charged particles with much smaller mass than atoms, leading to the conclusion that electrons are fundamental components of all atoms.\"}]","Journey Inside the Atom - Chapter 8 - 8.1 Rediscovering the Roots of Atomic Theory | PDF",55]