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Pragmatics  \njournal [homepage: www. elsevier. com/locate/pragma](homepage: www. elsevier. com/locate/pragma)  \nQuestions and responses in Dutch conversations Christina Englert  \nMax-Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Wundtlaan 1, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands  \nA R T I C L E I N F O  \nArticle history:  \nReceived 4 February 2010 Accepted 1 April 2010  \nKeywords:  \nQuestions Responses  \nDutch conversation Comparative research  \nA B S T R A C T  \nBased on an analysis of 350 questions and their responses in a corpus of ordinary interactions, this paper gives a descriptive overview of the ways Dutch interactants formulate their utterances to make them recognizable as doing questioning and the options they rely on to respond to these questions. I describe the formal options for formulating questions and responses in Dutch and the range of social actions (e.g. requests for information, requests for confirmation) that are implemented through questions in the corpus. Finally, I focus on answer design and discuss some of the coherence relations between questions, answers, and social actions. Questions that are asked to elicit information are associated with the more prototypical, lexico-morpho-syntactically defined question type such as polar interrogatives and, mainly, content questions. Most polar questions with declarative syntax are not primarily concerned with obtaining information but with doing other kinds of social actions.  \n􀀁 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  \n1. Introduction  \nThe analysis presented in this paper originated as part of a larger comparative study of question–response sequences in conversations across 10 different languages at the Max-Planck-Institute for Psycholinguistics (see Introduction to this issue). The goal of this study is to investigate how people design their questions and responses in spontaneous, informal conversation and to identify similarities and differences in the ways speakers’ form and use questions and answers across different cultures and languages. Speakers across the world’s languages have very different lexical, morphological, syntactic and intonational means of marking an utterance as a question (Sadock and Zwicky, 1985; K¨onig and Siemund, 2007). Based on an analysis of questions and their responses in a corpus of ordinary interactions, this paper gives a descriptive overview of the ways Dutch interactants formulate their utterances to make them recognizable as doing questioning and the options they rely on to respond to these questions.  \nIn our daily interactions we perform many different actions with questions and we rely on many forms of utterances to ask questions. The relevance of distinguishing between sentence type (such as interrogative) and communicative function (such as request for information) is stated recurrently in the pragmatic literature (see for example Wunderlich, 1976; Levinson, 1983; K¨onig and Siemund, 2007). A declarative sentence such as ‘‘She is divorced, I think’’ can function as a question, a negative interrogative such as ‘‘Can’t you shut up now’’ is not a question but is actually an order, and the interrogative sentence ‘‘Do you need a punch’’ is not a request for information but a threat (Klooster, 2001:108–109). The functions of different types of questions and answers in Dutch have been investigated by other researchers in qualitative studies of institutional interactions such as standardized and non-standardized social survey interviews  \nE-mail address: [C.Englert@rug.nl](C.Englert@rug.nl).  \n0378-2166/$ – see front matter 􀀁 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2010.04.005  \nC. Englert/Journal of Pragmatics 42 (2010) 2666–2684 2667  \n(e.g. Houtkoop-Steenstra, 2000; van’t Hof, 2006; Mazeland, 1992), and news interviews (e.g. Koole and Waller, 2005). In this study, I examine the options Dutch speakers have to design t","cbCaiq87icj5PYH5","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiq87icj5PYH5","pdf",1389433,"English","# Introduction\n## Data and method\n## Formal options for question and response design\n## Social actions implemented through questions\n## Answer design and coherence relations","[{\"question\":\"What corpus does the paper analyze?\",\"answer\":\"The analysis is based on a corpus of 13 videotaped Dutch interactions, yielding 3501 Dutch question–answer sequences selected from the first 10–20 minutes of each interaction.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the paper distinguish between sentence type and communicative function?\",\"answer\":\"It emphasizes that pragmatic function may differ from grammatical sentence type, e.g., declaratives or negative interrogatives can perform actions other than information-seeking questions.\"},{\"question\":\"What role do question types play in eliciting information?\",\"answer\":\"Questions aimed at eliciting information are linked to more prototypical question types defined lexically, morpho-syntactically, such as polar interrogatives and mainly content questions.\"}]","Journal of Pragmatics - Questions and Responses in Dutch Conversations | PDF",48]