[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-145514-en":3,"doc-seo-145514-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},145514,1099523882182,"Alex Sinclair","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8",2,"Literature","José Rizal and the Spanish Novel","This dissertation theorizes late nineteenth-century Spanish literature from the perspective of colonized experience, using José Rizal’s Noli me tángere and El filibusterismo as the starting point. Instead of treating Rizal’s novels solely as nation-building texts, it analyzes them as representing colonialism’s dead end and also the death of the Spanish empire. The argument is developed through comparison with Benito Pérez Galdós’s Doña Perfecta, showing how colonizing mentality persists within Spain’s internal conflicts. The study concludes that reading Rizal is necessary for contextualizing peninsular Spanish novels.","José Rizal and the Spanish Novel  \nby  \nAaron C . Castroverde  \nDepartment of Romance Studies Duke University  \nDate:   \nApproved:  \nStephanie Sieburth, Co-Supervisor  \nWalter Mignolo, Co-Supervisor  \nFredric Jameson  \nRichard Rosa  \nDissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in  \nthe Department of  \nRomance Studies in the Graduate School of Duke University  \n2013  \nABSTRACT  \nJosé Rizal and the Spanish Novel  \nby  \nAaron C . Castroverde  \nDepartment of Romance Studies Duke University  \nDate:   \nApproved:  \nStephanie Sieburth, Co-Supervisor  \nWalter Mignolo, Co-Supervisor  \nFredric Jameson  \nRichard Rosa  \nAn abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Romance Studies in the Graduate School of Duke University  \n2013  \nCopyright by  \nAaron C . Castroverde 2013  \nAbstract  \nThis dissertation is a preliminary attempt to define and theorize Spanish literature of the late nineteenth century from the perspective of the colonized. I take as my starting point the novels of the Filipino writer José  \nRizal: Noli me tángere and El filibusterismo . Although  \nthese novels are considered to be the foundational texts of the Philippine nation, I will instead focus on their relationship to Spain and the literature produced there around the same period. This analysis will be contrasted with a reading of Benito Pérez Galdós’s novel Doña  \nPerfecta, which, as many critics have claimed, bears a resemblance to Rizal’s first novel. I will show how  \nGaldós’s novel demonstrates a colonizing mentality despite being nominally about an internal Spanish conflict. In conclusion, I will argue for the necessity of an understanding of Rizal’s novels in order to better grasp the total context in which peninsular Spanish novels were produced.  \nContents  \nAbstract ............................................. 4  \nIntroduction:........................................ 1  \n1. Noli me tángere, Polyphony and Colonialism........ 9  \nTowards a Political Reading of the Noli ........... 94  \n2. Rizal and Spain in El filibusterismo ............. 97  \nThe Critics: Retana and Sarkisyanz on Rizal’s  \nRelationship to Spain ............................. 99  \nRizal and the “Two Spains”....................... 114  \nThe “Two Spains” in El filibusterismo ............ 121  \nRizal’s Idea of History .......................... 148  \nSimoun and Isagani: The Circuits of History .... 151 Reflections on Rizal and Anti-Colonial literature 176  \n3. Colonialism in Doña Perfecta .................... 181  \nConclusion: Rizal as Reader of Galdós.............. 219  \nWorks Cited ........................................ 226  \nBiography.......................................... 233  \nIntroduction:  \nJosé Rizal and the Spanish Novel  \nThis dissertation will attempt to reformulate the relationship between colonial and metropolitan space during Spain’s late imperial period. My focus will be primarily on the works of José Rizal, a Filipino polymath and national hero, whose novels Noli me tángere (1887) and El filibusterismo (1891) are considered to be the foundational texts of the Philippine national consciousness. However, my reading of them departs from a different assumption:  \ninstead of looking at them as ‘generative’ texts (which  \nthey are, arguably, in the Philippine context) I will look at them as novels that represent the ‘dead-end’ of  \ncolonialism. In other words, I will argue that Rizal’s novels, perhaps even more than representing the birth of the Philippine nation, are also as much about the death of the Spanish empire.  \nThis kind of interpretation will place Rizal back into dialogue with the aesthetic context of his era. Thus, this study attempts to demonstrate the necessity of  \nunderstanding Rizal’s novels in the context of other  \nSpanish novels of the same period. Moreover, perhaps more  \nimportantly, this study will also s","cbCaic0CiQVT4dMk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaic0CiQVT4dMk","pdf",935294,8,1,238,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## 1. Noli me tángere, Polyphony and Colonialism\n## 2. Rizal and Spain in El filibusterismo\n## 3. Colonialism in Doña Perfecta\n## Conclusion: Rizal as Reader of Galdós\n## Works Cited\n## Biography","[{\"question\":\"What is the dissertation’s central goal regarding Spanish literature?\",\"answer\":\"It aims to reformulate how colonial and metropolitan space relate during Spain’s late imperial period, using a colonized perspective.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the study reinterpret Rizal’s novels?\",\"answer\":\"It treats Noli me tángere and El filibusterismo not just as foundational national texts, but as representing colonialism’s dead end and the decline of the Spanish empire.\"},{\"question\":\"How does Doña Perfecta function in the dissertation’s argument?\",\"answer\":\"The analysis contrasts Rizal with Galdós’s Doña Perfecta to demonstrate that a colonizing mentality can remain even when the plot concerns an internal Spanish conflict.\"}]","José Rizal and the Spanish Novel | PDF",1787724280,367,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":29},"jose-rizal-and-the-spanish-novel","",{"@graph":37,"@context":86},[38,54,69],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,48,51],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":11},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/jose-rizal-and-the-spanish-novel/145514/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":42,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-05","2026-08-26",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"What is the dissertation’s central goal regarding Spanish literature?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"It aims to reformulate how colonial and metropolitan space relate during Spain’s late imperial period, using a colonized perspective.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"Why does the study reinterpret Rizal’s novels?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"It treats Noli me tángere and El filibusterismo not just as foundational national texts, but as representing colonialism’s dead end and the decline of the Spanish empire.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"How does Doña Perfecta function in the dissertation’s argument?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"The analysis contrasts Rizal with Galdós’s Doña Perfecta to demonstrate that a colonizing mentality can remain even when the plot concerns an internal Spanish conflict.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,101,105,110,115,120,124,129,132,136],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":126,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":131},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":134,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":135},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":137,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":138,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":139},19,"General","general"]