[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-85295-en":3,"doc-seo-85295-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},85295,687197207919,"Theodora","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000253d6f5f7c60be?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779446848396160552",8,"Research & Report","Joint Communication and Sensing Design for Integrated Satellite Terrestrial Maritime Systems","Joint communication and sensing is a core enabling technology for 6G maritime networking, where ships must both exchange data with shore infrastructure and sense surrounding targets for safe navigation. The paper proposes an integrated satellite-terrestrial maritime system (ISTMS) using the same radio-frequency signals for simultaneous services. A differential evolution-based sensing method improves localization accuracy while lowering resource consumption. It further derives communication and sensing performance metrics and performs joint beamforming for TBS and LEO satellite to maximize sum rate under power and localization constraints, validated by extensive simulations.","Joint Communication and Sensing Design for Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Maritime Systems  \nKaiwei Xiong, Xiaoming Chen, and Ming Ying  \narXiv :2607 . 1 1 164v 1 [ cs .IT] 13 Jul 2026  \nAbstract—Joint communication and sensing has been a key technology in 6G. By integrating sensing into maritime communications, ships can communicate with the base station while sensing the surrounding environment to ensure safe navigation. In this paper, we introduce an integrated satellite-terrestrial maritime system (ISTMS) with joint communication and sensing based on the same radio-frequency signals. Specifically, the terrestrial base station (TBS) and low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite provide communication services for near-shore users (NSUs) and offshore users (OSUs), respectively, while simultaneously performing target sensing. Based on a differential evolution method (DE), we propose a sensing algorithm, which can enhance the location accuracy and reduce resource consumption. Furthermore, we derive the key performance metrics for both communication and sensing. Through joint beamforming optimization of the TBS and LEO satellite, we maximize the sum rate of maritime users while satisfying target localization accuracy requirements and transmit power constraints. Finally, extensive simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms in terms of location accuracy and transmission rate compared with the baseline algorithms.  \nIndex Terms—LEO satellite, joint communication and sensing, beamforming design, maritime communication, integrated satellite-terrestrial systems.  \nI. INTRODUCTION  \nRecently, with the rapid development of the marine economy, maritime activities such as shipping, fishery, energy and environmental monitoring, have increased rapidly [1], [2] . More than 80% of global trade volume relies on maritime transportation. Trends such as containerization, giant ships, cargo tracking, and port automation have put forward unprecedented requirements for highly reliable, low-latency, and longdistance ship-to-shore communication. Due to the continuous increase of global aquaculture volume, maritime environment monitoring are the urgent needs. To achieve high-quality maritime communication, it is imperative to implement realtime monitoring of vessel positions, operational trajectories, and status parameters, coupled with instantaneous transmission rate to facilitate comprehensive maritime supervision. These capabilities constitute fundamental requirements for advanced maritime communication systems [3], [4] .  \nAt present, maritime communication systems primarily comprise two distinct components according to recent studies [5]: the coastal maritime base station network serving nearshore regions and satellite communication system providing  \nKaiwei Xiong, Xiaoming Chen, and Ming Ying are with the College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China (e-mail:{xiong kaiwei, chen xiaoming, and ming[ying](ying}@zju.edu.cn)[}](ying}@zju.edu.cn)[@zju.edu.cn](ying}@zju.edu.cn)).  \nservices for off-shore areas. Unlike terrestrial communication networks, the deployment of maritime base stations faces unique environmental constraints. Traditional terrestrial base stations (TBS) offer severely limited maritime coverage, proving inadequate for off-shore communication demands. Moreover, the spectrum resources at sea are strictly divided, and the independent operation of each system leads to a low spectrum efficiency. The available maritime spectrum resources are strictly segmented and allocated, consequently degrading spectrum efficiency owing to the isolated operation of disparate communication systems. This fragmentation leads to substantial underutilization of valuable spectral resources that could otherwise enhance maritime connectivity. In addition, the means for sensing and monitoring maritime targets are scarce and costly. Some global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) can ","cbCailVehIXmIlsh","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailVehIXmIlsh","pdf",634582,2,1,15,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Integrated satellite-terrestrial maritime system (ISTMS)\n## Motivation: coverage, spectrum efficiency, and latency\n## Related work on ISAC","[{\"question\":\"What is the main objective of the proposed ISTMS?\",\"answer\":\"To integrate communication and target sensing for maritime users using the same radio-frequency signals, enabling reliable data exchange while performing localization for safer navigation.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the sensing algorithm work and what benefits does it provide?\",\"answer\":\"The paper uses a differential evolution (DE) method to improve location accuracy and reduce resource consumption compared with baseline approaches.\"},{\"question\":\"How are communication and sensing optimized in the system?\",\"answer\":\"Through joint beamforming optimization of the terrestrial base station (TBS) and the LEO satellite, maximizing maritime users’ sum rate while meeting target localization accuracy requirements and transmit power 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is the main objective of the proposed ISTMS?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"To integrate communication and target sensing for maritime users using the same radio-frequency signals, enabling reliable data exchange while performing localization for safer navigation.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How does the sensing algorithm work and what benefits does it provide?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"The paper uses a differential evolution (DE) method to improve location accuracy and reduce resource consumption compared with baseline approaches.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"How are communication and sensing optimized in the system?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Through joint beamforming optimization of the terrestrial base station (TBS) and the LEO satellite, maximizing maritime users’ sum rate while meeting target localization accuracy requirements and transmit power 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