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the Enlightenment  \nPorscha Fermanis  \nEdinburgh University Press  \n© Porscha Fermanis, 2009  \nEdinburgh University Press Ltd  \n22 George Square, Edinburgh [www.euppublishing.com](www.euppublishing.com)  \nTypeset in Sabon by  \nNorman Tilley Graphics Ltd, Northampton and printed and bound in Great Britain by  \nCPI Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham and Eastbourne  \nA CIP record for this book is available from the British Library  \nISBN 978 0 7486 3780 5 (hardback)  \nThe right of Porscha Fermanis  \nto be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.  \nContents  \nAcknowledgements vi  \nAbbreviations viii  \nIntroduction: Keats, Enlightenment and Romanticism 1  \n1 Ancients and Moderns: Literary History and the ‘Grand March of Intellect’ in Keats’s Letters and the 1817 Poems 17  \n2 Civil Society: Sentimental History and Enlightenment Socialisationin Endymion and The Eve ofSt. Agnes 39  \n3 The Science of Man: Anthropological Speculation and Stadial Theory in Hyperion 65  \n4 Political Economy: Commerce, Civic Tradition and the  \nLuxury Debate in Isabella and Lamia 97  \n5 Moral Philosophy: Sympathetic Identification, Utility and the Natural History of Religion in The Fall of Hyperion 121  \nAfterword: Ode to Psyche and Ode on a Grecian Urn 151  \nNotes 159  \nBibliography 191  \nIndex 207  \nAcknowledgements  \nThis book began life as an examination of Keats’s reading of history and only later broadened in scope to include the ideas of the Enlightenment more generally. Its aim was always, however, not simply to rehabilitate Keats as a poet alive to the intellectual currents of his time, but also to contribute to our understanding of the relationship between the Romantic period and the Enlightenment, and hence, to what we mean by Romanticism itself, which has been so important a debate in Romantic circles in recent years. I would like to thank Fiona Stafford, John Barnard and David Womersely for their assistance and support with the first version of these ideas. Two bodies, the University College Oxford Old Members’Trust Fund and the English Faculty, University of Oxford, provided scholarships and grants during this early stage. More recently, I received a postdoctoral fellowship from the Irish Research Council for the Humanities and Social Sciences for another project, which nonetheless gave me with the time and space to complete this one.  \nI owe much, of course, to other scholars of the eighteenth century and Romantic period. The debts are clear in the pages of this book, but I would like to mention expressly the work of Alan Bewell, James Chandler, Greg Kucich, Michael O’Neill, Nicholas Roe, Robert Ryan, Clifford Siskin and Daniel Watkins; and on eighteenth-century historiography, Karen O’Brien, Mark Salber Phillips and David Womersley. Further debts are owed to the staff of the Bodleian Library, University of Oxford; the British Library; the Houghton Library, Harvard University; Keats House, Hampstead; and the Public Records Office, London. At Edinburgh University Press I would like to thank Jackie Jones. To friends, colleagues and readers I would like to express my sincere thanks, in particular: Andrew Carpenter, Mark Crosby, Kelvin Everest, Robert Gerwarth, Clare Harding, Shelley Meagher, Jon Mee, Michelle O’Connell, Adrian Patterson, Seamus Perry, Stephen Wall and Nerys Williams. Finally, to  \nAcknowledgements vii  \nmy husband and family, please accept my gratitude for your continued encouragement and support.  \n* * *  \nA much shorter version of Chapter 3 of this book won the Keats–Shelley prize in 2005 and appeared as ‘Stadial Theory, Robertson’s History of America, and Hyperion’, Keats–Shelley Review, 19 (2005), 21–31. Chapter 4 was previously published in a slightly different form as‘Isabella, Lamia, and “Merry old England”’, Essays in Criticism, 56.2 (2006),","cbCaia1qbGcOOiCC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaia1qbGcOOiCC","pdf",1164721,232,"English","# Contents\n## Introduction: Keats, Enlightenment and Romanticism\n## 1 Ancients and Moderns: Literary History and the ‘Grand March of Intellect’ in Keats’s Letters and the 1817 Poems\n## 2 Civil Society: Sentimental History and Enlightenment Socialisationin Endymion and The Eve ofSt. Agnes\n## 3 The Science of Man: Anthropological Speculation and Stadial Theory in Hyperion\n## 4 Political Economy: Commerce, Civic Tradition and the Luxury Debate in Isabella and Lamia\n## 5 Moral Philosophy: Sympathetic Identification, Utility and the Natural History of Religion in The Fall of Hyperion\n## Afterword: Ode to Psyche and Ode on a Grecian Urn\n## Notes\n## Bibliography\n## Index","[{\"question\":\"What is the central focus of the book?\",\"answer\":\"The book analyzes John Keats’s reading of history and his engagement with Enlightenment ideas, clarifying how that relationship shaped Romanticism.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the argument structured across the chapters?\",\"answer\":\"Chapters follow five thematic lines—literary history, civil society, anthropological speculation, political economy, and moral philosophy—each linked to specific Keats works.\"},{\"question\":\"Which Keats texts are highlighted in the chapter themes?\",\"answer\":\"The contents link themes to Keats’s letters and 1817 poems, Endymion, The Eve of St. Agnes, Hyperion, Isabella, Lamia, and The Fall of Hyperion, with an afterword on major odes.\"}]","John Keats and the Ideas of the Enlightenment | PDF",1789941218,357]