[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-611638-105":59,"doc-detail-611638-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","johannes-gutenberg-1398-1468-student-handouts-biography-workbook-series","JOHANNES GUTENBERG (1398-1468) - Student Handouts Biography Workbook Series","","Student Handouts biography workbook series describing Johannes Gutenberg (1398-1468) and the political environment of Mainz. It recounts Gutenberg’s background as a young patrician in a free and wealthy city, the tensions between nobility and the growing importance of the burgesses, and repeated exiles sparked by civil conflict and civic ceremonies. The materials also present key vocabulary questions and comprehension prompts about class power, reasons for his refusal to return, and the events at Strasburg.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":15,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/johannes-gutenberg-1398-1468-student-handouts-biography-workbook-series/611638/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/johannes-gutenberg-1398-1468-student-handouts-biography-workbook-series/611638.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"A glass of water","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-10-19",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What social groups are described as competing for power in the Electorate of Mainz?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The text contrasts nobility and burgesses, with the laboring population shifting between them during periods of oppression and courting of the masses.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why was Johannes Gutenberg exiled from Mainz?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Gutenberg is defeated by the burgesses and banished with knights of his family. A later renewed animosity in 1420 leads to his second exile.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What is the most likely reason Gutenberg refused to return to Mainz, according to the workbook prompt?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The passage offers several possibilities—his hostility toward the burgesses, pride preventing equality with plebeians, or the idea that study and exile at Strasburg shifted his interests to a nobler goal—then asks students to choose the most likely reason and explain why.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},611638,1792501989,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":14,"category_name":15,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},962090760832,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Student Handouts (Order \\#3760524)  \nStudent  \nHandouts  \nBiography Workbook Series  \nJOHANNES GUTENBERG  \n(1398-1468)  \nJohannes Gensfleisch Gutenberg von Sorgeloch was a young patrician—born at Mainz, a free and wealthy city on the banks of the Rhine, in the year 1398. His father, Friel Gensfleisch, married Else von Gutenberg, who gave her name to her second son Johannes (“John” in English) .  \nIt is probable that if the Electorate of Mainz (now part of Germany), his country, had not been a free city, this young gentleman would have been unable to conceive or to carry into execution his invention.  \nDespotism and superstition equally insist upon silence; they would have stifled the universal and resistless echo which genius was about to create for written words. Printing and religious liberty were both to spring from the same soil and the same climate.  \n1. despotism:  \na. democracy  \nb. pleasantness  \nc. tyranny  \nd. vigilantism  \n2. stifled:  \na. enabled  \nb. encouraged  \nc. persuaded  \nd. restrained  \nMainz, Strasburg, Worms, and other municipal towns on the Rhine, then governed themselves, under the suzerainty of the empire, as small federal republics, like Florence, Genoa, Venice, and the other states of Italy. The nobility was warlike. The burgesses were increasing in importance. The laboring population vacillated between these two classes, who alternately oppressed and courted the masses. Here as everywhere, the wealthiest groups fought for supremacy.  \n3. suzerainty:  \na. kingdom [b. law](b. law)  \n[c. protection](c. protection)  \nd. wealth  \nOutbursts of civil war, excited by vanity or interest, and in which the  \nStudent Handouts (Order \\#3760524)  \nvictory remained sometimes with the patricians, sometimes with the burgesses, and at others with the artisans, made them alternately victors, conquered, and proscribed. This is the history of all cities, of all republics, and of all empires. Mainz was a miniature of Rome or Athens, only the proscribed party had not thesea to cross to escape from their country. They went outside the walls, and crossed the Rhine; those of Strasburg going to Mainz, and those of Mainz to Strasburg, to wait until their party recovered power, or until they were recalled by their fellow citizens.  \n4. proscribed:  \na. advised  \nb. condemned  \nc. degraded  \nd. formulated  \n5. What groups vied for power in the Electorate of Mainz?  \n\n|  |\n| --- |\n|  |\n|  |\n\nIn these intestine struggles of Mainz, the young Gutenberg, himself a gentleman, and naturally fighting for the cause most holy in a son's eyes—that of his father—was defeated  \nby the burgesses, and banished, with all the knights of his family, from the territory of Mainz. His mother and sisters alone remained there in possession of their property, as innocent victims on whom the faults of the nobility should not be visited. Gutenberg’s first banishment was short, and peace was ratified by the return of the refugees. A vain quarrel about precedence in the public ceremonies on the occasion of the solemn entry of the Emperor Robert, accompanied by the Archbishop Conrad, into Mainz, refreshed the animosity of the two classes in 1420, and young Gutenberg, at the age of nineteen, underwent his second exile.  \n6. The young Johannes Gutenberg was a member of what class?  \na. artisans  \nb. burghers  \nc. nobility  \nd. peasantry  \n7. animosity:  \na. antagonism  \nb. friendship [c. love](c. love)  \nd. willingness  \nThe free city of Frankfurt now offered itself as a mediator between the nobles and plebeians of Mainz.  \nStudent Handouts (Order \\#3760524)  \nFrankfurt procured their recall on condition of the governing magistracy being equally shared between the high classes and the burgesses.  \nBut Gutenberg, whether his valor in the civil war had rendered him more obnoxious and more hostile to the burgesses; whether his pride, fostered by the traditions of his people, could not submit patiently to an equality with plebeians; or whether, more probably, ten","cbCaiaBdGEm0Obm0","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaBdGEm0Obm0","pdf",553680,"English","# Biography overview\n## Mainz politics and civil conflict\n## Vocabulary and comprehension questions","[{\"question\":\"What social groups are described as competing for power in the Electorate of Mainz?\",\"answer\":\"The text contrasts nobility and burgesses, with the laboring population shifting between them during periods of oppression and courting of the masses.\"},{\"question\":\"Why was Johannes Gutenberg exiled from Mainz?\",\"answer\":\"Gutenberg is defeated by the burgesses and banished with knights of his family. A later renewed animosity in 1420 leads to his second exile.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the most likely reason Gutenberg refused to return to Mainz, according to the workbook prompt?\",\"answer\":\"The passage offers several possibilities—his hostility toward the burgesses, pride preventing equality with plebeians, or the idea that study and exile at Strasburg shifted his interests to a nobler goal—then asks students to choose the most likely reason and explain why.\"}]","JOHANNES GUTENBERG (1398-1468) - Student Handouts Biography Workbook Series | PDF",1792381692,31]