[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-113043-en":3,"doc-seo-113043-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},113043,1099513958607,"Jiven","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002390cf8733938c?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778829742770036399",8,"Research & Report","Jobs Undone - Reshaping the Role of Governments toward Markets and Workers in the Middle East and North Africa - 2022 Report","Jobs Undone examines why the Middle East and North Africa has struggled to generate more and better jobs, linking labor outcomes to how governments interact with markets and workers. The report analyzes exclusion, informality, the constraints faced by women workers and entrepreneurs, and the effects of COVID-19 on employment prospects. It evaluates barriers to job creation, including private-sector “sclerosis,” market and labor regulations, taxes, and gendered laws, then outlines reform directions toward more contestable markets and inclusive growth.","Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nJOBS UNDONE  \nReshaping the Role of Governments toward Markets and Workers in the Middle East and North Africa  \nAsif M. Islam, Dalal Moosa, and Federica Saliola  \nJOBS UNDONE  \nJOBS UNDONE  \nReshaping the Role of Governments toward Markets and Workers in the Middle East and North Africa  \nAsif M. Islam, Dalal Moosa, and Federica Saliola  \n© 2022 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433  \nTelephone: 202-473-1000; [Internet: www.worldbank.org](Internet: www.worldbank.org)  \nSome rights reserved  \n1 2 3 4 25 24 23 22  \nThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.  \nNothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.  \nRights and Permissions  \nThis work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)  \n[http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under) the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to  \ncopy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions:  \nAttribution—Please cite the work as follows: Islam, Asif M., Dalal Moosa, and Federica Saliola. 2022. Jobs Undone: Reshaping the Role of Governments toward Markets and Workers in the Middle East and North Africa. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10. 1596/978-1-4648-1735-9. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO  \nTranslations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation.  \nAdaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank.  \nThird-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party-owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to re-use a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images.  \nAll queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; e-mail: [pubrights@worldbank.org](pubrights@worl","cbCaineiAoTdAC8S","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaineiAoTdAC8S","pdf",8566247,1,159,"English","en",105,"# Foreword\n# Acknowledgments\n# About the Authors\n# Executive Summary\n# Abbreviations\n# Chapter 1 Introduction: Meeting the Jobs Challenge in the Middle East and North Africa\n## Introduction\n## Voices of Young Entrepreneurs in the MENA Region\n## Country Tables\n# Chapter 2 The Lost Promise of More and Better Jobs\n## Introduction\n## Exclusion and Informality\n## The Plight of Female Workers\n## Not the Jobs of the Future\n## The Impact of COVID-19\n## Notes\n## References\n# Chapter 3 What Prevents the Creation of More and Better Jobs in MENA?\n## Introduction\n## Pathways that Link Market Contestability with Jobs\n## The Region’s “Sclerotic” Private Sector\n## The Plight of Female Entrepreneurs\n## Limited Overall Economic Growth\n## Notes\n## References\n# Chapter 4 The Suspects That Limit Market Contestability and Job Creation\n## Introduction\n## Product Market Regulations and SOEs\n## Labor Market Regulations and Related Taxes\n## Gendered Laws\n## Notes\n## References\n# Chapter 5 Toward More Contestable Markets\n## Introduction\n## Leveling the Playing Field in the Product Market\n## Reshaping the Relationship between the Government and Workers\n## Fostering Women’s Inclusion in All Economic Spheres\n## Working “at the Margins” to Find Feasible Reform Paths\n## Data for Reforms\n## Note\n## References","[{\"question\":\"What is the central focus of Jobs Undone?\",\"answer\":\"The report focuses on why governments’ roles in markets and employment have not delivered more and better jobs in the Middle East and North Africa.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors does the 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