[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-595305-105":59,"doc-detail-595305-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","job-satisfaction-of-academics-in-hong-kong-basic-comparisons","Job satisfaction of academics in Hong Kong - Basic Comparisons","","Job satisfaction of academics in Hong Kong is analyzed through comparisons with the Australian higher-education scene. The discussion highlights how academic freedom, personal and group security, and confidence about the future shape institutional effectiveness. It then examines structural differences between Australia and Hong Kong in educational models, class attendance practices, and the use of libraries, framing expectations for Australian academics working in Hong Kong.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/job-satisfaction-of-academics-in-hong-kong-basic-comparisons/595305/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/job-satisfaction-of-academics-in-hong-kong-basic-comparisons/595305.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Blitz","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-06","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What role does academic freedom play in the paper’s argument?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The discussion stresses that quality research and teaching depend on the responsible exercise of academic freedom, which must not be constrained in ways that undermine genuine personal development.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does personal and group security relate to organizational success?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Personal and group security is described as being grounded in confidence about the future; systems that allow arbitrary dismissal or redundancy are said to be highly dysfunctional and inefficient for achieving goals.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What educational-system differences between Australia and Hong Kong affect adjustment?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The paper notes differences in higher-education models, class attendance norms, and how libraries are used—more as study halls for assigned materials in Hong Kong rather than as research facilities for independent inquiries.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},595305,1792811364,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},24464137899374,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","have all been tried many times in manycountries.There is however no knownmethod of achieving quality research andteaching other than through the respon-sible exercise of academic freedom.Weber,writing in the turbulent times ofImperial Germany,can hardly be improv-ed upon today:  \nThe result of...a castration of thefreedom and disinterestedness of uni-versity education,which prevents thedevelopment of persons of genuinecharacter,cannot be compensated bythe finest institutes,the largest lecturehalls,or by ever so many dissertations,prize-winning works and examinationsuccesses20  \nWhile the central place of academicfreedom cannot be disputed,it is also thecontribution of modern organisationtheorists that the individual members ofan organisation,or a whole society,facingrapid change to its environment,must notbe threatened in their personal security ifthose changes are to be successfullymastered.Personal and group security isbased on confidence about the future;anysystem which institutes the possibility ofarbitrary and possibly capriciousdismissal or redundancy will be highlydysfunctional,possibly hastening thedestruction of the group and society,andis therefore inefficient in the pursuit of itsgoals.  \n*The authors would like to thank severalfriends and colleagues for their commentson an earlier draft of this paper.  \nDuring the last few years more andmore Australians have accepted academicposts in Hong Kong.This tendency is pro-bably due to the significant contraction ofthe educational system in Australia andthe concurrent expansion in Hong Kong.In addition there has been a veritable ex-odus of local academics to obtain aforeign passport before 1997.Beyondthese obvious reasons it may well be thecase that thejob conditions in Hong Kongattract a considerable number ofAustralian academics to the ‘cockpit'ofAsia.What can the Australian academicexpect in Hong Kong?I propose toanswer this question first by comparingthe Australian and Hong Kong educa-tional scenes in general and,second,by  \n# ReferencesReferences\n\n6.ibid,p.258.  \n11.ibid,p.59.  \n12.Machlup,op.cit,p.260.  \nJob satisfaction of academics inHong Kong  \n1.J.Carter,Keeping Faith,Memoirs of aPresident,Bantam Books,New York,1982.  \n2.P.Kimbre,Scholarly Privileges in theMiddle Ages,Mediaeval Academy ofAmerica,London,1961.  \n3.Max Weber,From Max Weber (translatedand edited by H.H.Gerth and C.WrightMills)Galaxy,New York and Oxford Uni-versity Press,1958,p.202.  \n4.Max Weber,Max Weber on Universities(translated and edited by Edward Shils),University of Chicago Press,1973,p.19.  \n5.Fritz Machlup,'Tenure in Colleges andUniversities',Encyclopedia of Education,(Editor-in-Chief,L.C.Deighton)Macmillan and Free Press,New York,1971,2,p.257.  \n7.Richard Davis,'Free Academic or CouncilServants?Tasmanian University.staffbefore the Murray Report',Vestes,TheAustralian Universities Review,28,2,1985,p.33.  \n8.Sir James Mountford,British Universities,Oxford University Press,London,1966,p.161.  \n9.Commonwealth Tertiary Education Com-mission,Review of Efficiency and Effec-tiveness in higher education,AGPS,Canberra,1987,p.57.  \n10.Minister for Employment,Education andTraining,Higher Education,a policydiscussion paper(The Green Paper),AGPS,Canberra,1987,p.57.  \npresenting the findings of a recent staffsurvey of one of the five institutionswhich are funded by the Hong KongUniversity and Polytechnic Grants Com-mission(UPGC).  \n# Basic Comparisons\n\nThere are many similarities between theAustralian and Hong Kong educationalsystems which might suggest that Aus-tralian academics should find it relativelyeasy to adjust to the new environment.Both systems represent a peculiarcombination of the American and Britishmodels of higher education.The Britishinfluence is readily noticed in the profes-sional training of undergraduates whoupon graduation are expected to be ready  \n13.Geoffrey Brennan,'Tenure:Continuity orChange?’,Financial Review,September  \n25,1987,p.12.  \n14.Peter Karmel,'The Changing Conditionsof A","cbCaio6T9yW6xXL8","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaio6T9yW6xXL8","pdf",2700087,"English","# References\n## Basic Comparisons","[{\"question\":\"What role does academic freedom play in the paper’s argument?\",\"answer\":\"The discussion stresses that quality research and teaching depend on the responsible exercise of academic freedom, which must not be constrained in ways that undermine genuine personal development.\"},{\"question\":\"How does personal and group security relate to organizational success?\",\"answer\":\"Personal and group security is described as being grounded in confidence about the future; systems that allow arbitrary dismissal or redundancy are said to be highly dysfunctional and inefficient for achieving goals.\"},{\"question\":\"What educational-system differences between Australia and Hong Kong affect adjustment?\",\"answer\":\"The paper notes differences in higher-education models, class attendance norms, and how libraries are used—more as study halls for assigned materials in Hong Kong rather than as research facilities for independent inquiries.\"}]","Job satisfaction of academics in Hong Kong - Basic Comparisons | PDF",1792080840,13]