[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-430354-105":59,"doc-detail-430354-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","jesuit-history-in-brief-a-personal-view","Jesuit History in Brief - A Personal View","","A concise personal overview of Jesuit history structured around the Society’s split by the suppression period (1773–1814). It traces earlier strands of Christian religious life, then explains the Jesuit “clerks regular” model shaped by Ignatius of Loyola and the Spiritual Exercises. The narrative highlights cross-cultural missions, including “inculturation,” and discusses tensions illustrated by the Guarani reductions. It also outlines Jesuit development through preaching, education, and the establishment of schools alongside universities.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":45,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/religion-spirituality/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/jesuit-history-in-brief-a-personal-view/430354/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/jesuit-history-in-brief-a-personal-view/430354.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Fahsai","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-17","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How is Jesuit history divided in this overview?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Jesuit history is presented in two parts separated by the suppression period (1773–1814): the “Old Society” (1540–1773) and the “New Society” (1814–present).","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What does the Jesuit “clerks regular” model mean?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It refers to clerics or priests who are also members of a religious order, described here as a distinct form of religious life in the 16th century.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What is “inculturation” according to the text?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"“Inculturation” is the presentation of the gospel in a de-Europeanized way, expressed through the language and culture of the people being approached.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},430354,1790711827,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":44,"category_name":45,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":46},549768702563,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/8000c4aa63b76e948b?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786536092046926083","Jesuit History in Brief: A Personal View  \nJesuit history falls into two parts separated by the period of suppression (1773-1814):  \n(1) the “Old Society,” 1540-1773, and (2) the “New Society,” 1814-present.  \nPROLOGUE: RELIGIOUS LIFE BEFORE THE 16THCENTURY  \nChristian religious life first appeared in the second half of the first century in the person of “virgins”(mostly women but also some men) who lived at home and, by refusing to marry and produce offspring (they claimed to be “spouses of Christ”), countered the absolutist claims of the state (Rome) and hence many of them became martyrs. Once the Roman Emperor Constantine became a Christian (313) and Christianity the state religion, martyrdom ceased being the realistic ideal of heroic Christians. Instead, a significant minority fled the worldliness of the cities and of the church itself for the desert where, unencumbered, they could fight the great battle against evil. Many, both women and men, sought solitude as hermits; others lived a communal way of life. Part of the strict asceticism they all practiced was abstention from sexual relations (celibacy), and therefore men and women lived in separate communities (“Religious Order/Religious Life” in “Jesuit A-Z”) .  \nAs this professedly religious life moved gradually from the deserts of Egypt, the Middle East and Eastern Europe to the West, it became tamer and more balanced, especially with the monastic way of Benedict of Nursia in Italy (c 480-c 547) and his “Little Rule for Beginners.” The Benedictine life was a balance of manual labor and study, communal prayer sung in choir (psalms and other scripture readings made up the “divine office”) and meditation or private prayer. Monasteries were self-sufficient and acted as astable force for order and peace in a crumbling Roman Empire that experienced repeated invasions of peoples from the East.  \nBy the high Middle Ages, Europe saw the development of cities, the rise of a new class of merchants and of artisans united by guild and the birth of the university with its new (Arab/Greek) learning. In response to these social, economic and intellectual changes came the mendicant (literally “begging”) orders like the Franciscans (Francis of Assisi [1181 or 82-1226]) with their stress on poverty and simplicity of life and the Dominicans (Dominic [c 1170-1221]) with their scholarship, preaching and teaching. In continuity with religious life in the past, the friars retained the recitation of the “divine office” in common, but these regular times of prayer through the whole course of each day did not really fit with an increasing call to ministry outside the priory walls.  \nTHE JESUIT WAY AND ITS DEVELOPMENT THROUGH HISTORY  \nIn the 16thcentury once again, a new form of religious life appeared—the “clerks regular”—meaning clerics or priests who were also members of a religious order. Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556) and his University of Paris companions who formed the Jesuits were not the only such order that arose. But they were perhaps the clearest conceived and the best organized. Ignatius was adamant about serving God, not principally in solitude or with communal prayer, but in “helping souls,” in meeting the human  \nand spiritual needs of people. And in this age of the dawn of printing, the Jesuits had a book of their own, the Spiritual Exercises, a rich and highly adaptable resource for a broad range of ministries. (Goto “Ignatius of Loyola” for a brief biography of him. )  \nCROSS-CULTURAL MISSIONS  \nFrom its earliest days, the Society of Jesus was marked by men going out to non-European cultures to bring the “good news.” Francis Xavier (1506-1552), Paris companion and missioner to India and the Far East, was the first and probably the most famous of these. But a little later others like Matteo Ricci (1552-1610) in China and Roberto di Nobili (1577-1656) in south India pioneered a new way of evangelization that we now call “inculturation”—a presentation of the gospel in a de-Europea","cbCaitZ5cDueroRc","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitZ5cDueroRc","pdf",171546,"English","# PROLOGUE: RELIGIOUS LIFE BEFORE THE 16TH CENTURY\n# THE JESUIT WAY AND ITS DEVELOPMENT THROUGH HISTORY\n# CROSS-CULTURAL MISSIONS\n# SCHOOLS","[{\"question\":\"How is Jesuit history divided in this overview?\",\"answer\":\"Jesuit history is presented in two parts separated by the suppression period (1773–1814): the “Old Society” (1540–1773) and the “New Society” (1814–present).\"},{\"question\":\"What does the Jesuit “clerks regular” model mean?\",\"answer\":\"It refers to clerics or priests who are also members of a religious order, described here as a distinct form of religious life in the 16th century.\"},{\"question\":\"What is “inculturation” according to the text?\",\"answer\":\"“Inculturation” is the presentation of the gospel in a de-Europeanized way, expressed through the language and culture of the people being approached.\"}]","Jesuit History in Brief - A Personal View | PDF",1790652596]