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................................. 26  \n2.5.2 Learning Kanji ................................. 26  \n2.5.3 Reading Kanji ................................. 27  \n2.5.4 Why Kanji? ................................... 28  \n3 Basic Grammar 29  \n3.1 Basic Grammatical Structures ............................. 29  \n3.2 Expressing State-of-Being ............................... 29  \n3.2.1 Declaring something is so and so using 「だ」 ............... 29  \n3.2.2 Conjugating to the negative state-of-being .................. 31  \n3.2.3 Conjugating to the past state-of-being .................... 32  \n3.2.4 Conjugation summary ............................. 32  \n3.3 Introduction to Particles ................................ 33  \n3.3.1 Defining grammatical functions with particles ................ 33  \n3.3.2 The 「は」 topic particle ........................... 33  \n3.3.3 The 「も」 inclusive topic particle ...................... 35  \n3.3.4 The 「が」 identifier particle ......................... 36  \n3.4 Adjectives ........................................ 38  \n3.4.1 Properties of Adjectives ............................ 38  \n3.4.2 The na-adjective ................................ 38  \n3.4.3 The i-adjective ................................. 40  \n3.4.4 An annoying exception ............................ 42  \n3.5 Verb Basics ....................................... 43  \n3.5.1 Role of Verbs .................................. 43  \n3.5.2 Classifying verbs into ru-verbs and u-verbs ................. 45  \n3.5.3 Appendix: iru/eru u-verbs ........................... 46  \n3.6 Negative Verbs ..................................... 47  \n3.6.1 Conjugating verbs into the negative ..................... 47  \n3.7 Past Tense ....................................... 50  \n3.7.1 Past tense for ru-verbs ............................ 50  \n3.7.2 Past tense for u-verbs ............................. 51  \n3.7.3 Past-negative tense for all verbs ....................... 52  \n3.8 Particles used with verbs ............................... 53  \n3.8.1 The direct object 「を」 particle ....................... 54  \n3.8.2 The target 「に」 particle ........................... 55  \n3.8.3 The directional 「へ」 particle ........................ 57  \n3.8.4 The contextual 「で」 particle ........................ 58  \n3.8.5 When location is the topic ........................... 60  \n3.8.6 When direct object is the topic ........................ 61  \n3.9 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs ........................... 62  \n3.9.1 Pay attention to particles! ........................... 62  \n3.10 Relative Clauses and Sentence Order ........................ 63  \n3.10.1 Treating verbs and state-of-being like adjectives .............. 63  \n3.10.2 Using state-of-being clauses as adjectives ................. 64  \n3.10.3 Using relative verb clauses as adjectives .................. 65  \n3.10.","cbCaig6j41qpuGsk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaig6j41qpuGsk","pdf",2000269,353,"English","# Introduction\n## The problem with conventional textbooks\n## A Japanese guide to learning Japanese grammar\n## Suggestions\n# The Writing System\n## The Scripts\n## Intonation\n## Hiragana\n## Katakana\n## Kanji\n# Basic Grammar\n## Basic Grammatical Structures\n## Expressing State-of-Being\n## Introduction to Particles\n## Adjectives\n## Verb Basics\n## Negative Verbs\n## Past Tense\n## Particles used with verbs\n## Transitive and Intransitive Verbs\n## Relative Clauses and Sentence Order\n## Noun-related Particles\n## Adverbs and Sentence-ending particles\n# Essential Grammar","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the guide identify with conventional Japanese grammar textbooks?\",\"answer\":\"It explains that conventional textbooks can make learning harder, and it motivates using a more coherent Japanese guide to grammar acquisition.\"},{\"question\":\"Which components of the Japanese writing system are covered?\",\"answer\":\"The guide covers the scripts, intonation, hiragana (including small sounds), katakana (including long vowel and small katakana), and kanji basics including learning and reading.\"},{\"question\":\"What core grammar topics are included after the writing system?\",\"answer\":\"It covers basic grammatical structures, state-of-being expressions, particles and their functions, adjectives, verb fundamentals, negative forms, past tense, and how sentence order and clauses work.\"}]","Japanese Grammar Guide - Suggestions | PDF",1790615482,890]