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Results aim to inform Alberta educational policies and practices by addressing needs of TNB students.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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educational outcomes for TNB youth?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The text links negative, unwelcoming climate and culture with increased bullying, harassment, discrimination, and reduced wellbeing, while positive and inclusive climate functions as a protective factor.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},597064,1792166113,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & 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\nEmilie Maine, Teresa Hardy, & Kristopher Wells MacEwan University  \nAbstract  \nThis paper highlights findings from a qualitative research study exploring the schooling experiences of transgender and non-binary youth (ages 14-25) in Alberta. Given the unique legislative and cultural context of each Canadian province/territory, this study focused on the schooling experiences of TNB youth, specifically within the socially conservative context of Alberta and its provincial education system, which, historically, has lagged behind other Canadian provinces/territories in sexual and gender diversity inclusion. This study contributes to a growing body of qualitative research focusing on the unique experiences of TNB students in Canada by investigating the school-based experiences of TNB youth in Alberta to better understand their lived experiences and to inform educational policies and practices within the province. The research findings highlight four key thematic areas: (1) climate and culture,(2) supports,(3) education, and (4) safety, which participants identified as critical factors that influence their experience(s) in educational environments.  \nKeywords: transgender, non-binary, 2SLGBTQ+, education, Alberta.  \nIntroduction  \nCanadian youth spend much of their formative years in school, and their schooling experiences vary widely based on numerous intersecting factors relating to their identity, such as race, culture, ethnicity, and ability, as well as actual or perceived sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression (SOGIE). Understanding the unique risks and protective factors that contribute to the school experiences of diverse young people helps ensure schools are better equipped to support their wellbeing and academic success. While all students deserve safe, supportive, and healthy school environments, this research study is concerned with the unique and understudied schooling experiences of transgender and non-bi-  \nnary (TNB)1 youth in Alberta to better understand, from their unique perspectives, how educational environments and policies impact their everyday lives.  \nTwo-Spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer (2SLGBTQ+) youth experience many disparities in educational experiences in relation to physical, emotional, and mental wellbeing compared to their cisgender-heterosexual (CH) peers, with those disparities often being more pronounced for TNB students (Grant et al., 2011; James et al., 2016; Peter et al., 2021; Taylor et al., 2020; Wolowic et al., 2016). Several related factors have been found to influence these disparate experiences. One such factor is real and perceived school climate and culture, which can be produced through social factors such as bullying, harassment, discrimination, safety in school spaces (e.g., bathrooms), policies, and access to school-based supports (Atteberry-Ash et al., 2021; Day et al., 2018; Kelley et al., 2022; Kosciw et al., 2020, 2022; Peter et al., 2021). For example, a negative or unwelcoming school climate and culture may have prevalent gender-and sexuality-based bullying, harassment, and/or discrimination (e.g., transphobia, homophobia, lack of understanding of gender diversity), whereas a positive or welcoming school climate and culture may have 2SLGBTQ+-inclusive and supportive policies (e.g., access to preferred bathroom) and resources (e.g., SOGIE-inclusive curriculum, Gay-Straight Alliances/Gender-Sexuality Alliances [GSA]; Kosciw et al., 2022). Negative school climate and culture have been shown to be related to disparities in school outcomes and wellbeing for 2SLGBTQ+ students such as mental health and truancy from school whereas positive school climate and culture serve as protective factors (Day et al., 2018; Kosciw et al., 2020, 2022). School climate is particularly unwelcoming for many Canadian TNB students, who experience higher levels of harass","cbCaikxj4WyBguBf","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikxj4WyBguBf","pdf",475995,17,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## School risks and protective factors in education\n## Disparities for 2SLGBTQ+ youth and TNB students\n## School climate and culture: bullying, harassment, and inclusion\n## Teacher, staff, and peer attitudes and behaviors\n## School connectedness and its role in wellbeing","[{\"question\":\"What population and setting does the study focus on?\",\"answer\":\"The study focuses on transgender and non-binary youth aged 14–25 in Alberta, examining how the provincial education context shapes their schooling experiences.\"},{\"question\":\"Which thematic areas emerged as most important from participants’ accounts?\",\"answer\":\"Participants highlighted four key themes: climate and culture, supports, education, and safety as critical factors influencing their experiences in educational settings.\"},{\"question\":\"How does school climate and culture relate to educational outcomes for TNB youth?\",\"answer\":\"The text links negative, unwelcoming climate and culture with increased bullying, harassment, discrimination, and reduced wellbeing, while positive and inclusive climate functions as a protective factor.\"}]","“It was Trans Hell: Exploring the Schooling Experiences of Trans and Non-binary Youth in Alberta” | PDF",1792084302,43]