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\nEasternSOVIET  \nECONOMICPOLICYAfairsFOREIGNTRADE  \nPUBLISHED BY  \ncOUNCIL FOR MIDDLE EASTERN AFFAIRS,INC.NEW YORK,N.Y.VOL.X,NO.8-9  \nCOUNCIL FORMIDDLE EASTERN AFFAIRS,Inc.  \nBOARD OF DIRECTORS  \nDR.WILLIAM F.ALBRIGHTDR.OSCAR I.JANOWSKYDR.I.B.BERKSONDR.MOSHE PERLMANNDR.GEORGE S.CoOUNTSTHE RT.REV.JAMES A.PIKEMR.PATRICK E.GORMANMR.LoUIS M.RABINOWITZ*REV.DONALD HARRINGTONDR.BENJAMIN SHWADRAN  \n*Deceased  \n\"To gather and distribute authentic and accurate in-formation concerning all aspects of the economic,religious,social,educational,cultural and political life of the MiddleEast and of each of the nations in that area of the world;to organize,sponsor,finance,participate in and cooperatewith persons,groups,and organizations doing research onany phase of life in the Middle East area.\"  \n(From Articles of Incorporation)  \nVOL.X,NO.89  \nAUGUST--SEPTEMBER,1959  \nBenjamin Shwadran EDITORMay Goldberg,EDITORIAL ASSISTANTOded Remba,RESEARCH ASSOCIATE  \nEDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD  \nWilliam F.AlbrightPaul L.HannaJohns Hopkins UniversityUniversity of FloridaAlfred BonnéOscar I.JanowskyHebrew UniversityThe City College of New YorkMarcel ColombeOsman Okyar  \nUniversity of ParisUniversity of IstanbulWalter J.FischelMoshe Perlmann  \nUniversity of CaliforniaHarvard UniversityRichard N.FryeFranz RosenthalHarvard UniversityYale UniversityBernhard GeigerWilliam ThomsonColumbia UniversityHarvard University  \nHarry A.WolfsonHarvard University  \nContents  \nPageISRAEL:A WELFARE STATE IN THE MAKING………………0scar I.Janowsky 270SOVIET ECONOMIC POLICY IN THE MIDDLE EAST……………Joseph S.Berliner 286  \nBOOK REVIEWS  \nLongrigg:Syria and Lebanon Under French Mandate,  \nreviewed by………………………………………………………………………………Dwight J.Simpson 291  \nFedden and Thomson:Crusader Castles,  \n……………………………   …Alexcander Melamid 293  \nreviewed by ……………………  ……  \nMonteil:Les musulmans soviétiques;Hayit(comp.):Documents:Soviet Russia's  \nanti-Islam policy in Turkestan,  \n………………………………Pudolf Loewenthal 294  \nreviewed by ………   ……   ……  \nFACTS AND FIGURES:FOREIGN TRADE,1958………………………………………………………295CHRONOLOGY  \n307  \nJune 1—July 31,1959 …………………………………  \nIndexed in International Index and Public Affairs Information Service  \nIsrael:A Welfare State in the Making  \nBy Oscar I.Janowsky  \nI  \nAWELFARE state may be defined as a society in which the govern-ment attacks systematically the basic hazards of modern life andseeks to assure to all citizens the minimum essentials of living.Thehazards are generally identified as want,disease,ignorance,squalor andidleness—the\"five giant evils\"of the celebrated Beveridge Report.Thisimplies a broad extension of government power—economic and social plan-ning to achieve full employment and civilized working conditions,guidancein the location and relocation of industries,land development and conserva-tion,housing and town planning,social insurance against sickness,old ageand unemployment,education,health,and the constructive use of leisure.It means that costly welfare services are to be provided for all the people,even for those who could not otherwise afford them.It entails governmentregulation,coordination,the setting of priorities,and planned development.Inevitably,private enterprise is restricted and controlled,and even nation-alization of certain industries becomes a distinctive feature of the welfarestate.  \nHowever,the welfare state differs sharply from communism and otherforms of totalitarianism.Civil and political liberties are preserved.Laboris not regimented and trade unionism remains a vital force.Nor does thegovernment arrogate to itself all economic and social functions even in thefield of welfare.Voluntary action plays an important role,with the govern-ment directing,supervising and supplementing the work of private agen-cies.The welfare state concedes important functions to private enterprise,and especially to cooperatives,and employs nationalization as a last resort.In a","cbCaioTVsqI6zufr","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioTVsqI6zufr","pdf",2508789,52,"English","# Israel: A Welfare State in the Making\n## Definition and scope of the welfare state\n## Welfare state vs. communism and totalitarianism\n## Social security as a central objective\n## Examples: Sweden and Great Britain\n## Motivation for Israel’s welfare policies","[{\"question\":\"How is a welfare state defined in the text?\",\"answer\":\"It is defined as a society where government systematically confronts the basic hazards of modern life and ensures citizens the minimum essentials of living.\"},{\"question\":\"In what way does the welfare state differ from communism and totalitarianism?\",\"answer\":\"The text states that civil and political liberties are preserved, labor is not regimented, and voluntary action by private agencies remains important while government directs and supplements rather than monopolizes all functions.\"},{\"question\":\"What is presented as the central objective of the welfare state?\",\"answer\":\"Social security, including measures such as old-age and survivors insurance, health and maternity insurance, unemployment insurance, family allowances, and compensation for workplace injuries and diseases.\"}]","Israel - A Welfare State in the Making - Issue 1 | PDF",1790628603,131]