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Their anticancer effects are described through inhibition of key signaling routes such as MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR, disruption of androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer, and induction of apoptosis via caspase cascades and cell-cycle interference. Preclinical efficacy is consistently reported, while human trial results vary due to bioavailability, metabolism, and dosing limits. Constraints like low solubility and interindividual metabolic differences motivate further large-scale controlled studies to improve bioavailability and assess synergy with conventional therapies.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/isoflavones-promising-natural-agent-for-cancer-prevention-and-treatment/369273/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/isoflavones-promising-natural-agent-for-cancer-prevention-and-treatment/369273.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Levi","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How do isoflavones exert anticancer effects according to the review?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The review describes isoflavones as blocking major signaling pathways (MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR), inhibiting cancer cell division, and triggering apoptosis through caspase cascades.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which pathways or targets are emphasized for different cancer types?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It highlights inhibition of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, blockade of the androgen receptor for prostate cancer, and interference with cell-cycle progression (including G2/M phase) to suppress colon cancer cells.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why do clinical outcomes vary between preclinical evidence and human trials?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Human clinical trials show variability attributed to differences in bioavailability, metabolism, and dosage, while preclinical evidence more consistently supports tumor-growth suppression.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},369273,1790465888,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},7971461740909,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Food Science & Nutrition  \nREVIEW  OPEN ACCESS   \nIsoflavones: Promising Natural Agent for Cancer Prevention and Treatment  \nMuhammad Hammad Ul Hassan1 | Muhammad Shahbaz1 | Muhammad Imran2 | Ushna Momal1 | Hammad Naeem1,3 | Ahmed Mujtaba4 | Muzzamal Hussain5 | Muhammad Junaid Anwar6 | Suliman A. Alsagaby7 | Waleed Al Abdulmonem8 | Tadesse Fenta Yehuala9  | Mohamed A. Abdelgawad10 | Ahmed H. El-Ghorab11 | Samy Selim12  | Ehab M. Mostafa13,14  \n1Department of Food Science and Technology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan | 2Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan | 3Post Harvest Research Centre, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad,  \nPakistan | 4Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Hamdard University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan | 5Department of Food Science, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan | 6Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan | 7Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia | 8Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia | 9Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia | 10Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia | 11Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia | 12Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia | 13Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia | 14Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt  \nCorrespondence: Muzzamal Hussain ([muzzamalhussain24@gcuf.edu.pk](muzzamalhussain24@gcuf.edu.pk)) | Tadesse Fenta Yehuala ([tadeyfenta@gmail.com](tadeyfenta@gmail.com))  \nReceived: 8 October 2024 | Revised: 22 February 2025 | Accepted: 25 February 2025  \nFunding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.  \nKeywords: alternative medicine | anticancer properties | apoptosis | cell proliferation | isoflavone | phytochemicals | signal transduction pathways  \nABSTRACT  \nIsoflavones are currently being investigated by researchers in order to demonstrate their ability to prevent the proliferation of cancer cells. The current review aimed to demonstrate the potential of isoflavones to eliminate cancerous cells in the stomach, liver, lung, breast, and prostate, as their anticancer properties are due to the ability to block the signaling pathways of the extracellular signal-controlled kinase (MAPK/ERK) and proteasome (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) . Isoflavones can inhibit the cell division of various cancer cells. Isoflavones can block the androgen receptor (AR), a protein that is required for the growth and dissemination of prostate cancer. It initiates the caspase cascade and obstructs the production of new proteins to eliminate lung cancer cells. These inhibit colon cancer cells by entering their G2/M cell cycle phase and inducing apoptosis. These are also known to inhibit the production of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and cyclin B1, two proteins that are related to an enhanced risk of colon cancer. These suppress the breakdown of cyclin B1 and CDK2 to stop the development of cancer. Preclinical evidence consistently supports the efficacy of isoflavones in suppressing tumor growth; however, human clinical trials show variability due to differences in bioavailability, metabolism, and dosage. Despite their promise as alternative or adjunctive cancer therapies, limitations such as low solubility, interindividual metabolic variations, and inconsistent clinical outcomes necessitate furthe","cbCaipn0ZHidByDp","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipn0ZHidByDp","pdf",969967,22,"English","# Introduction\n## Phytoestrogens and isoflavone classes\n## Biological mechanisms and health effects\n## Target diseases and rationale for cancer prevention","[{\"question\":\"How do isoflavones exert anticancer effects according to the review?\",\"answer\":\"The review describes isoflavones as blocking major signaling pathways (MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR), inhibiting cancer cell division, and triggering apoptosis through caspase cascades.\"},{\"question\":\"Which pathways or targets are emphasized for different cancer types?\",\"answer\":\"It highlights inhibition of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, blockade of the androgen receptor for prostate cancer, and interference with cell-cycle progression (including G2/M phase) to suppress colon cancer cells.\"},{\"question\":\"Why do clinical outcomes vary between preclinical evidence and human trials?\",\"answer\":\"Human clinical trials show variability attributed to differences in bioavailability, metabolism, and dosage, while preclinical evidence more consistently supports tumor-growth suppression.\"}]","Isoflavones - Promising Natural Agent for Cancer Prevention and Treatment | PDF",1790181689,55]