[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-592318-105":59,"doc-detail-592318-en":129},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":122,"head_meta":124,"extra_data":126,"updated_unix":128},105,"en","is-it-social-problem-solving-or-decision-making-implications-for-health-education-feature-article","Is it social Problem solving or decision Making? implications for Health education - Feature Article","","This paper argues that decision making (DM) is distinct from social problem solving (SPS) and that DM is subordinate and subsumed within SPS. It defines and differentiates both terms, noting widespread confusion lasting decades. DM is identified as part of the National Health Education Standards, with many states integrating DM but failing to distinguish these concepts. Imprecise definitions can misalign curricula, invalidate assessments, and undermine validity, especially as youth problem trends rise globally. The work reviews SPS implementation potential, curriculum applications, training strategies, and real-life case uses, and proposes an SPS priority agenda for public health.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/is-it-social-problem-solving-or-decision-making-implications-for-health-education-feature-article/592318/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/is-it-social-problem-solving-or-decision-making-implications-for-health-education-feature-article/592318.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"McGucket","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What is the central claim about decision making and social problem solving?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"Decision making (DM) is presented as distinct from social problem solving (SPS), and DM is described as subordinate and subsumed within SPS.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"Why does the paper say confusion between SPS and DM is a long-standing issue?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"The paper states confusion between the two terms has been widespread for at least four decades and that states have not mastered the ability to distinguish them.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"What consequences can follow from using imprecise definitions in health education?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"The paper warns that inaccurate definitions and misunderstanding processes can lead to inappropriate curricula, invalid assessments, and compromised internal, construct, and content validity.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},592318,1792074307,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":41},1236954412713,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Feature Article  \nis it social Problem solving or decision Making? implications for Health education  \nMarianne Frauenknecht and David R. Black  \nABSTRACT  \nThis paper makes a case that decision making (DM) is not social problem solving (SPS) and DM is subordinate and subsumed within SPS. Both terms are defined and distinguished. Confusion between SPS and DMis widespread and has occurred for at least four decades. DM, not SPS, has been established as one of the seven National Health Education Standards (NHES). States adopt the NHES to fulfill their own state’s health education standards; 62% of those states have overwhelmingly integrated DM into their health education curriculum standards and only one state has adopted PS. States have failed to master the ability to distinguish these two terms. Consequences of using imprecise definitions and not understanding processes could result in matching an inappropriate curriculum with the term, invalidating assessments, and compromising internal, construct and content validity. Adoption of DM at the federal, state and local levels also is alarming when trends of problems of youth are increasing worldwide. SPS is thoroughly defined, potential for implementation is reviewed, applications to health education curricula are provided, skill-based training and teaching strategies are noted, and applications to real-life situations are documented. A priority agenda for adopting SPS in public health and health education is provided.  \nFrauenknechtM, Black DR. Is it social problem solving or decision making? Implications for health education. Am J Health Educ. 2010;41(2): 112-123. This paper was submitted to the Journal on July 16, 2009, revised and accepted for publication on September 24, 2009.  \niMPliCations for HealtH eduCation  \nRarely in the history of public health and health promotion has there been a greater need to search for responsive prevention interventions. The need is partially predicated on the priority of our nation’s transformation to a health literate culture. In fact, the former U. S. Surgeon General Galson made health literacy one of the nation’s four top priorities of focus to address this country’s public health concerns.1 The concept of health literacy has been identified as an important goal of health education as  \nsupported by professional health education organizations such as the American Association for Health Education, the American School Health Association, the American Public Health Association and the Society of State Directors of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation.2,3 According tothe U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, it is important that people find, understand and apply information and services to enhance health.4 Recently, the concept of“functional health literacy” has emerged as part of a nationwide health literacy campaign and is defined asthe ability to respond  \nto social situations and health information with a specific set of skills.5 As part of the health literacy paradigm, one of four skills or characteristics of a health literate person includes problem solving (PS) .2,3  \nMarianne Frauenknecht is a professor in the Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008; E-mail: m.frauenknecht@ [wmich.edu. David R. Black](wmich.edu. David R. Black) is a professor in the Department of Health and Kinesiology at Purdue University, Lambert Building, West Lafayette, IN 47907.  \nMarianne Frauenknecht and David R. Black  \nPurPose of tHe PaPer  \nThe purpose of this paper is to distinguish between problem solving and decision making. Using a concept or term incorrectly is no trivial matter. For example, the primary issue in epidemiology is defining criteria as to “What is a case?”6 Without listing inclusion and exclusion criteria a study cannot be replicated and both internal and external validity are threatened. bandura7 has given major attention to the same issue. He has chosen obscu","cbCaig6jdwE8InLy","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaig6jdwE8InLy","pdf",253102,12,"English","# Abstract\n# Implications for Health Education\n# Purpose of the Paper\n# The Problem: Confusion of Concepts\n## Social Problem Solving (SPS)","[{\"question\":\"What is the central claim about decision making and social problem solving?\",\"answer\":\"Decision making (DM) is presented as distinct from social problem solving (SPS), and DM is described as subordinate and subsumed within SPS.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the paper say confusion between SPS and DM is a long-standing issue?\",\"answer\":\"The paper states confusion between the two terms has been widespread for at least four decades and that states have not mastered the ability to distinguish them.\"},{\"question\":\"What consequences can follow from using imprecise definitions in health education?\",\"answer\":\"The paper warns that inaccurate definitions and misunderstanding processes can lead to inappropriate curricula, invalid assessments, and compromised internal, construct, and content validity.\"}]","Is it social Problem solving or decision Making? implications for Health education - Feature Article | PDF"]