[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-109359-en":3,"doc-seo-109359-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":93},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},109359,4398048949847,"Eliana","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/400002536579ef2da7f?_k=1778318612642679267",8,"Research & Report","Iraq Human Capital Review - A Roadmap to Human Capital Recovery in Iraq","The Iraq Human Capital Review provides an evidence-based roadmap for restoring and strengthening human capital in Iraq, linking skills, health, and education to economic growth and productivity. Using a life-cycle framework, it reviews human capital across early childhood, school age, youth transitions, working age, and old age, then analyzes Iraq’s country context, demographic pressures, and institutional arrangements. It identifies systemic bottlenecks in service delivery and governance, and outlines reform imperatives and actions to harness the demographic dividend and improve human-capital outcomes.","Public Disclosure Authorized  \nIraq Human Capital Review  \nA Roadmap to Human Capital Recovery in Iraq  \nPub lic Disc losure Authorized  \nSeptember 2024  \n© 2024 The World Bank  \n1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433  \nTelephone: 202-473-1000; [Internet: ](Internet: www.worldbank.org)[www.worldbank.org](Internet: www.worldbank.org)  \nSome rights reserved  \nThis work is a product of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors ofThe World Bank or the governments they represent.  \nThe World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/ footnotes and other information shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citation of works authored by others does not mean the World Bank endorses the views expressed by those authors or the content of their works.  \nNothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.  \nRights and Permissions  \nThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given.  \nAttribution—Please cite the work as follows: “World Bank. 2024. Iraq Human Capital Review, A Roadmap to Human Capital Recovery in Iraq © World Bank.”  \nAny queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; email: [pubrights@worldbank.org](pubrights@worldbank.org).  \nCover photo: [Freepik.com](Freepik.com)  \nCover design: Sarah Alameddine  \nIraq Human Capital Review  \nA Roadmap to Human Capital Recovery in Iraq  \n1  \nTable of Contents  \nAbbreviations 4  \nAcknowledgements 6  \nForeword 7  \nExecutive Summary 8  \nChapter 1. Introduction: What is human capital? 16  \n1.1. Human capital and its link to economic growth and productivity .......................................................17  \n1.2. Life-cycle framework for human capital accumulation.............................................................................17  \n1.3. Why a Human Capital Review?................................................................................................................................. 19  \nChapter 2. Iraq Country context 20  \n2.1. Macroeconomic context ...............................................................................................................................................21  \n2.2. Country demographic profile ................................................................................................................................... 22  \n2.3. Key stakeholders and institutional arrangements .....................................................................................24  \n2.4. Government expenditure on the social sectors ............................................................................................ 27  \nChapter 3. Human capital across the life cycle 30  \n3.1. Human Capital Index......................................................................................................................................................32  \n3.2. Early childhood: Prioritizing early childhood health and education for all...................................35  \n3.3. School age: Closing gaps in primary and secondary educ","cbCaioCrTiwfNmTO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioCrTiwfNmTO","pdf",2722959,6,1,116,"English","en",105,"# Abbreviations\n# Acknowledgements\n# Foreword\n# Executive Summary\n# Chapter 1. Introduction: What is human capital?\n## Human capital and its link to economic growth and productivity\n## Life-cycle framework for human capital accumulation\n## Why a Human Capital Review?\n# Chapter 2. Iraq Country context\n## Macroeconomic context\n## Country demographic profile\n## Key stakeholders and institutional arrangements\n## Government expenditure on the social sectors\n# Chapter 3. Human capital across the life cycle\n## Human Capital Index\n## Early childhood: Prioritizing early childhood health and education for all\n## School age: Closing gaps in primary and secondary education\n## Youth and adolescence: Facilitating transition from education into the labor market\n## Working age: Protecting and utilizing human capital in adulthood\n## Old age: Preparing for a demographic transition\n# Chapter 4. Harnessing Iraq’s demographic dividend\n## Trends of population growth and fertility in Iraq and comparator countries\n## The drivers of high population growth and high fertility in Iraq\n## Investing in human capital: The importance of secondary education\n## Utilizing human capital: The importance of job creation\n## The way forward to harnessing Iraq’s demographic dividend\n# Chapter 5. Systemic bottlenecks to human capital development\n## Binding constraints and cross-cutting challenges\n## Sector-specific service delivery issues\n## The way forward to addressing systemic bottlenecks to human capital development\n# Chapter 6. The path forward: Reform imperatives for human capital in Iraq\n## Reform imperative 1: Strengthening governance and accountability\n## Reform imperative 2: Closing service delivery gaps","[{\"question\":\"What is the central purpose of the Iraq Human Capital Review?\",\"answer\":\"It sets out an actionable roadmap to recover and strengthen human capital in Iraq by linking health, education, and skills to productivity and economic growth.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the report structure analysis of human capital?\",\"answer\":\"It uses a life-cycle framework covering early childhood, school age, youth transitions to labor markets, working-age protection and utilization, and preparation for demographic transition in old age.\"},{\"question\":\"What key challenges does the review identify for human capital development?\",\"answer\":\"It highlights systemic bottlenecks affecting service delivery and cross-cutting constraints, including issues that require reforms to improve governance and accountability.\"}]","Iraq Human Capital Review - 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