[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-40384-en":3,"doc-seo-40384-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},40384,8796095461564,"Liam","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",9,"Religion & Spirituality","Iranian Leviathan: A Monumental History of Mithra’s Abode","Iranian Leviathan argues that Iran functions as an enduring idea rather than a mere modern nation-state. It contrasts the international label “Persia” with the Iranian self-identification as Iranians and outlines how Iranian Civilization developed through ongoing tensions between rival worldviews. The text situates Iran’s distinct civilizational status in relation to academic “Iranology” while criticizing the tendency to fold Iran into a broader “Islamic Civilization.”","Arktos London 2019  \nCopyright © 2019 by Arktos Media Ltd.  \nAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means (whether electronic or mechanical), including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.  \n[Arktos.com](Arktos.com | Facebook | Twitter | Instagram | Gab.ai | Minds.com | YouTube)[ | ](Arktos.com | Facebook | Twitter | Instagram | Gab.ai | Minds.com | YouTube)[Facebook](Arktos.com | Facebook | Twitter | Instagram | Gab.ai | Minds.com | YouTube)[ | ](Arktos.com | Facebook | Twitter | Instagram | Gab.ai | Minds.com | YouTube)[Twitter](Arktos.com | Facebook | Twitter | Instagram | Gab.ai | Minds.com | YouTube)[ | ](Arktos.com | Facebook | Twitter | Instagram | Gab.ai | Minds.com | YouTube)[Instagram](Arktos.com | Facebook | Twitter | Instagram | Gab.ai | Minds.com | YouTube)[ | ](Arktos.com | Facebook | Twitter | Instagram | Gab.ai | Minds.com | YouTube)[Gab.ai](Arktos.com | Facebook | Twitter | Instagram | Gab.ai | Minds.com | YouTube)[ | ](Arktos.com | Facebook | Twitter | Instagram | Gab.ai | Minds.com | YouTube)[Minds.com](Arktos.com | Facebook | Twitter | Instagram | Gab.ai | Minds.com | YouTube)[ | ](Arktos.com | Facebook | Twitter | Instagram | Gab.ai | Minds.com | YouTube)[YouTube](Arktos.com | Facebook | Twitter | Instagram | Gab.ai | Minds.com | YouTube)  \nISBN  \n978-1-912975-40-2 (Softcover)  \n978-1-912975-41-9 (Hardcover)  \n978-1-912975-42-6 (Ebook)  \nEditing and Layout  \nJohn Bruce Leonard  \nCover  \nTor Westman  \nThis book is dedicated to my muse and beloved fiancée,  \nNASSIM NOURI  \nWho spellbindingly safeguarded my faith, hope, and love For her mother country and my fatherland. Iran owes this one to you, Archaeon.  \nShould sorrow send forth an army that spills the blood of lovers, Mithra’s wine-bearing maiden and I shall conspire to scale the sky, piercing heaven’s dome and drawing down a new design!  \n—HAFEZ OF SHIRAZ  \nINTRODUCTION  \nA few countries are more than mere nations. They have been translated from the earthly plane into the spectral geography of ideas. As “Rome” is irreducible to Italy, and the modern state of Israel is only a reemergence of“Zion” into the mundane world,“Iran” is far more than the nation-state that foreigners once widely referred to as Persia. Iran is an immortal idea—a terrible thought in the mind of the gods (devâs, divs) . Iran is destined toreemerge as the Leviathan from amongst all of Earth’s great nations.  \nUntil 1935, Iran was referred to internationally as “Persia”(or La Perse), and the Iranian people were broadly identified as “Persians.” This was the case despite the fact that Persians always referred to themselves as Iranians (Irâni) and used the term Irânshahr (Old Persian Aryâna Khashatra) or“Aryan Imperium” in order to designate what Westerners call the “Persian Empire.” The adjective Persian (Pârsi) has only been used by Iranians to describe the national language of Iran, which has been spoken, and especially written, by all Iranians regardless of whether it is their mother tongue. The Persian heritage is at the core of Iranian Civilization.  \nCivilizations are not as narrow as particular cultures in their ideological orientation. Even cultures evolve and are not defined by a single worldview in the way that a political party has a definite ideology. The inner dialectic that drives the historical evolution of Iranian Civilization is based on a tension between rival worldviews. This is comparable to the numerous worldview clashes that have shaped and reshaped Western Civilization, and is more dynamic than the creative tension between the worldviews of Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, and Communism and the cultural characters of the Han, the Manchurians, Mongols, and Tibetans in the history of Chinese Civilization.  \nThe phrase “Iranian Civilization” has long been in use by academics in the field of Iranology or Iranian Studies. That ","cbCaiaC11HAH5gKY","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaC11HAH5gKY","pdf",3972674,3,1,636,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Iran as an enduring idea\n## From “Persia” to Iranian identity\n## Tension between worldviews in Iranian history\n## Iranology and the distinct civilizational status of Iran\n## Civilizational clash and postnational implications","[{\"question\":\"How does the introduction describe Iran’s identity beyond being a nation-state?\",\"answer\":\"Iran is portrayed as an immortal idea destined to reemerge, not just a contemporary political entity.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the text say about the international use of the name “Persia” before 1935?\",\"answer\":\"Until 1935, Iran was often called “Persia,” and people were broadly labeled “Persians,” despite Iranian self-references to “Iranians” and “Irânshahr.”\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the author emphasize a distinct “Iranian Civilization” rather than treating it as part of “Islamic Civilization”?\",\"answer\":\"The text argues that Iran has rarely been recognized as a separate major civilization and is frequently misclassified within a constructed “Islamic Civilization,” so recognizing it is presented as historically decisive.\"}]",1783310895,1603,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"iranian-leviathan-a-monumental-history-of-mithras-abode","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/religion-spirituality/",{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/iranian-leviathan-a-monumental-history-of-mithras-abode/40384/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-14","2026-07-06",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"How does the introduction describe Iran’s identity beyond being a nation-state?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Iran is portrayed as an immortal idea destined to reemerge, not just a contemporary political entity.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What does the text say about the international use of the name “Persia” before 1935?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"Until 1935, Iran was often called “Persia,” and people were broadly labeled “Persians,” despite Iranian self-references to “Iranians” and “Irânshahr.”",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"Why does the author emphasize a distinct “Iranian Civilization” rather than treating it as part of “Islamic Civilization”?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"The text argues that Iran has rarely been recognized as a separate major civilization and is frequently misclassified within a constructed “Islamic Civilization,” so recognizing it is presented as historically decisive.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,125,128,131,135],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":121,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":122,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":124},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]