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The review highlights ion channels as oncogenic drivers, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets to support personalized medicine in gynecological 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Ogonaga-Borja 2,3, Brenda Acosta 2,3, Andrea Jazm½n Chiliquinga 2, Jaime de la Garza 4, Patricio Gariglio 5, Rodolfo Oc¡diz-Delgado 5, Cecilia Bañuelos 6 and Javier Camacho 3, *  \nCitation: Ramírez, A.;  \nOgonaga-Borja, I.; Acosta, B.;  \nChiliquinga, A.J.; de la Garza, J.; Gariglio, P.; Ocádiz-Delgado, R.; Bañuelos, C.; Camacho, J. Ion Channels and Personalized Medicine in Gynecological Cancers.  \nPharmaceuticals 2023, 16, 800 . [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)ph16060800  \nAcademic Editors: Manuel Valenzuela-Valderrama, Maritza P. Garrido Palma and Carmen Aurora Romero  \nReceived: 15 April 2023  \nRevised: 22 May 2023  \nAccepted: 24 May 2023  \nPublished: 29 May 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Facultad de Ciencias Qu½micas e Ingenier½a, Universidad Autânoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana 22390, Mexico; [aramirez23@uabc.edu.mx](aramirez23@uabc.edu.mx)  \n[2](2 Grupo de Investigaci)[ Grupo de Investigaci](2 Grupo de Investigaci)â[n de Ciencias en Red](n de Ciencias en Red), [Universidad T](Universidad T)²[cnica del Norte](cnica del Norte), [Av](Av). 17 de Julio 5-21, Ibarra 100105, Ecuador; [imogonogab@utn.edu.ec](imogonogab@utn.edu.ec) (I.O.-B.); [bjacostam@utn.edu.ec](bjacostam@utn.edu.ec) (B.A.); [ajchiliquinga1@utn.edu.ec](ajchiliquinga1@utn.edu.ec) (A.J.C.)  \n3 Departamento de Farmacolog½a, Centro de Investigaciân y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit²cnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. Instituto Polit²cnico Nacional 2508, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico  \n4 Unidad de Oncolog½a Tor¡cica y Laboratorio de Medicina Personalizada, Instituto Nacional de Cancerolog½a (INCan), San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico14080, Mexico; [jdelagarza1@prodigy.net.mx](jdelagarza1@prodigy.net.mx)  \n5 Departamento de Gen²tica y Biolog½a Molecular, Centro de Investigaciân y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit²cnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. Instituto Polit²cnico Nacional 2508, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico; [vidal@cinvestav.mx](vidal@cinvestav.mx) (P.G.); [wilox@cinvestav.mx](wilox@cinvestav.mx) (R.O.-D.)  \n6 Programa Transdisciplinario en Desarrollo Cient½fico y Tecnolâgico para la Sociedad, Centro de Investigaciân y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit²cnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. Instituto Polit²cnico Nacional 2508, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico; [cebanuelos@cinvestav.mx](cebanuelos@cinvestav.mx)  \n* Correspondence: [fcamacho@cinvestav.mx](fcamacho@cinvestav.mx); Tel.: +52-5557473800 (ext. 5416)  \nAbstract: Targeted therapy against cancer plays a key role in delivering safer and more efficient treatments. In the last decades, ion channels have been studied for their participation in oncogenic processes because their aberrant expression and/or function have been associated with different types of malignancies, including ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancer. The altered expression or function of several ion channels have been associated with tumor aggressiveness, increased proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells and with poor prognosis in gynecological cancer patients. Most ion channels are integral membrane proteins easily accessible by drugs. Interestingly, a plethora of ion channel blockers have demonstrated anticancer activity. Consequently, some ion channels have been proposed as oncogenes, cancer, and prognostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets in gynecological cancers. Here, we review the association of ion channel","cbCailk6h1jHapwD","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailk6h1jHapwD","pdf",1318533,21,"English","# Introduction\n## Ion channels in oncogenic processes\n# Ion channels in gynecological cancers\n## Associations with aggressiveness and prognosis\n## Therapeutic relevance of ion channel blockers\n# Personalized medicine applications\n## Biomarkers and therapeutic targets","[{\"question\":\"Why are ion channels important in gynecological cancers?\",\"answer\":\"Aberrant ion-channel expression and/or function are linked to ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancers and are associated with oncogenic processes.\"},{\"question\":\"How do altered ion channels relate to cancer progression and outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"Altered ion channel expression or function is associated with tumor aggressiveness, increased proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, and poor prognosis.\"},{\"question\":\"What makes ion channels promising for personalized medicine?\",\"answer\":\"Most ion channels are integral membrane proteins that are drug-accessible, and many ion channel blockers show anticancer activity, supporting their use as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.\"}]","Ion Channels and Personalized Medicine in Gynecological Cancers | PDF",1790233535,53]