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The research is significant for both quantitative and qualitative evidence regarding planning time, recognizing the importance of time, and understanding related habits and attitudes. Turkish pre-service teachers formed the study group. A Time Management Questionnaire plus three open-ended questions were used. Results indicate differences by gender, academic GPA, daily smartphone use, and daily book reading habits, while grade variable shows no significant difference.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/investigation-of-time-management-skills-of-pre-service-teachers-in-terms-of-various-variables/591285/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/investigation-of-time-management-skills-of-pre-service-teachers-in-terms-of-various-variables/591285.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"eBook King","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What variables were used to analyze pre-service teachers' time management skills?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study assessed time management skills according to gender, academic GPA, daily smartphone use, and daily book reading habits.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How did smartphone use relate to time management scores?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"As daily smartphone usage increased, time management scores decreased.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How did book reading habits affect time management skills?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"As daily book reading time increased, time management scores increased. The study also reports that the overall time management level was at the “medium” level.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},591285,1792166124,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962088006270,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","African EducaƟonal Research Journal Vol. 11(4), pp. 541-551, October 2023  \nDOI: 10. 30918/AERJ.114.23.089 ISSN: 2354-2160  \nFull Length Research Paper  \nInvestඈgatඈon of tඈme management skඈlls of pre-service teachers ඈn terms of varඈous varඈables  \nAyşe Derya Eskඈmen  \nDepartment of Turkඈsh Language and Lඈterature Educatඈon, Faculty of Educatඈon, Kütahya Dumlupınar Unඈversඈty, Kütahya, Türkඈye.  \nAccepted 29 September, 2023  \n\n| ABSTRACT\u003Cbr>The study aඈmed to examඈne the tඈme management skඈlls of pre-servඈce teachers ඈn terms of varඈous varඈables. The study ඈs ඈmportant ඈn terms of both quantඈtatඈve and qualඈtatඈve data ඈn terms of plannඈng tඈme, beඈng aware of the ඈmportance of tඈme and knowඈng theඈr habඈts that wඈll make them waste tඈme and revealඈng what theඈr attඈtudes are about ඈt. The study group of the research consඈsts of Turkඈsh pre-servඈce teachers. \"Tඈme Management Questඈonnaඈre\" and three open-ended questඈons were used as data collectඈon tools. The results of the study show that pre-servඈce Turkඈsh teachers' tඈme management skඈlls dඈffer accordඈng to gender, academඈc gpa, daඈly smartphone use and daඈly book readඈng habඈts; there was no sඈgnඈfඈcant dඈfference accordඈng to the grade varඈable. In the study, ඈt was concluded that as the daඈly smartphone usage tඈme of pre-servඈce teachers ඈncreased, theඈr tඈme management skඈll scores decreased; as the daඈly book readඈngtඈme ඈncreased, theඈr tඈme management skඈll scores ඈncreased. The qualඈtatඈve fඈndඈngs of the study showed that the majorඈty of the pre-servඈce teachers made short or long term plans, were aware of the ඈmportance oftඈme and ඈts effඈcඈent use, and the habඈt that they thought spent too much of theඈr tඈme was the smartphone; quantඈtatඈve fඈndඈngs showed that the pre-servඈce teachers' tඈme management was at the \"medඈum\" level. Webelඈeve that the results of the study on determඈnඈng the sඈtuatඈons of pre-servඈce teachers regardඈng tඈme management through quantඈtatඈve and qualඈtatඈve data wඈll both contrඈbute to the fඈeld and guඈde further studඈes.\u003Cbr>Keywords: Pre-servඈce teachers, tඈme management, Turkඈsh pre-servඈce teachers. |\n| --- |\n| E-maඈl: aysederya. eskඈ[men@dpu.edu.tr](men@dpu.edu.tr). |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nAccordඈng to the Turkඈsh Language Instඈtutඈon, tඈme ඈs defඈned as the perඈod ඈn whඈch a work, an occurrence takes place, wඈll take place, or ඈs takඈng place. Effectඈve and effඈcඈent use of tඈme ඈs ඈmportant for a person to be able to control hඈs/her lඈfe and achඈeve hඈs/her goals and objectඈves. Thඈs ඈs because beඈng able to plan and use tඈme ඈn the best way ඈs related to havඈng effectඈve tඈme management skඈlls. \"The effectඈve and productඈve use oftඈme, whඈch ඈs such a valuable resource, has led to the emergence of a new concept called \"Tඈme Management\"ඈn recent years\" (Öncel, Büyüköztürk and Özçelඈkay,  \n2005: 192) .  \nTඈme management ඈs defඈned ඈn the sources as the process of applyඈng management functඈons such as plannඈng, organඈzඈng and controllඈng one's actඈvඈtඈes ඈn order to achඈeve one's goals effectඈvely and effඈcඈently ඈnprඈvate and busඈness lඈfe (Kocabaş and Erdem, 2003: 192); savඈng tඈme for ඈmportant work by elඈmඈnatඈng unnecessary work and doඈng qualඈfඈed work ඈn a shorter tඈme (Gözel and Halat, 2010: 74) . Lookඈng at the defඈnඈtඈons, ඈt ඈs seen that tඈme management ඈs related to tඈme plannඈng, beඈng aware of the ඈmportance of tඈme and controllඈng the habඈts that wඈll  \nAfr Educ Res J 542  \nwaste tඈme. Because tඈme management ඈncreases the productඈvඈty and qualඈty of lඈfe of the ඈndඈvඈdual. As a matter of fact, accordඈng to Tඈmpe (1987) and Mackenzඈe (1990) cඈted by Sezen (2013), Tඈmpe emphasඈzes that the development of tඈme management skඈlls affects an ඈndඈvඈdual's productඈvඈty and overall performance. Sඈmඈlarly, Mackenzඈe (1990) revealed that tඈme management helps to ඈmprove the qualඈty of lඈfe of ඈndඈvඈduals, reduces stress, provඈdes a balanced lඈfe, ඈncreases productඈvඈty and facඈlඈtates achඈevඈng goals. Usඈng tඈme effඈcඈently ඈs very","cbCailVS8mquGPBJ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailVS8mquGPBJ","pdf",353624,11,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Definitions and importance of time management\n## Time management in teaching profession\n## Rationale for examining pre-service teachers","[{\"question\":\"What variables were used to analyze pre-service teachers' time management skills?\",\"answer\":\"The study assessed time management skills according to gender, academic GPA, daily smartphone use, and daily book reading habits.\"},{\"question\":\"How did smartphone use relate to time management scores?\",\"answer\":\"As daily smartphone usage increased, time management scores decreased.\"},{\"question\":\"How did book reading habits affect time management skills?\",\"answer\":\"As daily book reading time increased, time management scores increased. The study also reports that the overall time management level was at the “medium” level.\"}]","Investigation of time management skills of pre-service teachers in terms of various variables | PDF",1792071505,28]