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This case study investigates errors in EFL learners’ integrated and independent writing tasks to identify patterns and potential new findings that can inform TOEFL iBT writing instruction strategies. Results indicate grammar errors are largely consistent with prior research. In the integrated task, missed information and conclusion insertions are not prominent compared with earlier typical mistakes, while plagiarism, adding personal ideas, and question-addressing errors remain aligned with previous findings. Recommendations emphasize paraphrasing techniques and additional practice for weaker learners.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/investigating-toefl-ibt-writing-tasks-a-case-study-of-efl-learners/488117/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/investigating-toefl-ibt-writing-tasks-a-case-study-of-efl-learners/488117.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"kopisore","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-13","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the TOEFL iBT writing section assess?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It assesses test-takers’ ability to write essays in English through an integrated task and an independent task, using academic writing expectations.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the integrated writing task work in the TOEFL iBT?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It requires reading a short academic passage, listening to a related lecture, then writing a summary and explaining how the two sources are related.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What types of errors were highlighted in the study’s findings?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The study reports typical grammar errors, notes the absence of certain integrated-task mistakes like missed information and conclusion insertions, and also highlights plagiarism, adding one’s ideas, and question-addressing errors.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},488117,1791333517,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090880963,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","INVESTIGATING TOEFL iBT WRITING TASKS  \n(A CASE STUDY OF EFL LEARNERS)  \nNurhayati S.1, Rahmi Aulia Nurdini2  \nUniversitas Bina Sarana Informatika, Jakarta, Indonesia  \nUniversitas Bina Sarana Informatika, Jakarta, Indonesia  \n[nurhayati.nhi@bsi.ac.id](nurhayati.nhi@bsi.ac.id)  \n[Received: 01/02/2022](Received: 01/02/2022)  \n[Accepted: 18/03/2022](Accepted: 18/03/2022)  \n[Published: 18/03/2022](Published: 18/03/2022)  \nAbstract  \nAccording to (Sharpe, Orientation to the TOEFL iBT, 2019) , the TOEFL iBT assesses the testtaker’s ability to understand and use English for academic purposes. The TOEFL has four sections: listening, reading, speaking, and writing, each with its own set of instructions. The writing section assesses test-takers' ability to write essays in English. They write one essay about an academic topic (integrated task) and one essay about a familiar topic during the test (independent task) . The academic essay requires them to relate information from a reading passage to information from a listening passage. The researchers conducted a similar study to learn about EFL learners' challenges when taking the test to improve TOEFL iBT writing instruction strategies. This study aims to investigate the errors and to discover if there are any new findings, as diverse techniques are found in participants' writing tasks, which could provide more general information for researchers and readers. The results showed that the typical grammar errors were almost in line with the previous studies. Another comparison was that Khoshkou and Keyvanfar did not provide missed information and conclusion insertions as other typical mistakes in the integrated task. However, the other errors—plagiarism, adding one's ideas, and question-addressing—are consistent with the study's findings. It suggests the researchers, as TOEFL iBT tutors, emphasize paraphrasing techniques and for participants with weaker English proficiency need more practice time to advance.  \nKeywords—TOEFL iBT, Integrated Task, Independent Task, EFL Learners  \nIntroduction  \nIt is a fact that the most difficult skill to test is writing because it requires students to express themselves and not merely to receive and process information, writing imposes the greater cognitive load. Even when producing a single sentence, inexperienced writers may be juggling things like letter formation, spelling, word choice, and sentence structure. When asked to write at length, they need to cope with the challenges of adhering to a topic, creating smooth transitions, avoiding repetition, and ensuring that the overall organization of the piece is coherent (Wexler, 2019)  \nOne of the forms of English test is TOEFL iBT. (Sharpe, Orientation to the TOEFL iBT, 2019) states that the TOEFL iBT examines test-takers’ ability to understand and use English for academic purposes. There are four sections on the TOEFL, listening, reading, speaking, and writing, with special directions for each section. The writing section examines test takers' ability to write essays in English. During the test, they write one essay about an academic topic (integrated task) and one essay about a familiar topic (independent task) . The academic essay asks them to relate the information in a reading passage to that in a listening passage.  \nConsidering that many skills are required to complete the integrated and independent writing tasks, the researchers, as well as the TOEFL iBT tutors, intend to investigate common  \nerrors made on the integrated and independent writing tasks of EFL participants and see if there are any new findings from the previous research which are used for researchers guidance in their teaching.  \nLiterature Review  \nETS introduced the \"new generation TOEFL\" in 2005. According to (Rilcy & Wyatt, 2009, p.6), this revised version of the test incorporates all four language abilities (reading, listening, speaking, and writing) and is web-based (iBT), making it more widely available worldwide. The TOEFL ","cbCaihaOwDqxak5h","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihaOwDqxak5h","pdf",489485,11,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Literature Review\n## TOEFL iBT overview and sections\n## Types of writing tasks (Integrated and Independent)\n## Task requirements and assessment focus","[{\"question\":\"What does the TOEFL iBT writing section assess?\",\"answer\":\"It assesses test-takers’ ability to write essays in English through an integrated task and an independent task, using academic writing expectations.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the integrated writing task work in the TOEFL iBT?\",\"answer\":\"It requires reading a short academic passage, listening to a related lecture, then writing a summary and explaining how the two sources are related.\"},{\"question\":\"What types of errors were highlighted in the study’s findings?\",\"answer\":\"The study reports typical grammar errors, notes the absence of certain integrated-task mistakes like missed information and conclusion insertions, and also highlights plagiarism, adding one’s ideas, and question-addressing errors.\"}]","Investigating TOEFL iBT Writing Tasks - (A Case Study of EFL Learners) | PDF",1790810378,28]