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Using Martin and White’s (2005) appraisal framework, the analysis focuses on the attitude category across media reports from January 2013 to December 2016. Results show frequent appreciation resources that express indirect behavioral judgment, with affect and judgment reflecting socio-cultural and political contexts, government policy, and local sentiment. Chinese reporting emphasizes diplomatic enhancement, while Philippine reporting leans toward implied negative subjective stance.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/investigating-the-evaluative-language-in-philippine-and-chinese-news-reports-on-the-south-china-sea-disputes/589878/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/investigating-the-evaluative-language-in-philippine-and-chinese-news-reports-on-the-south-china-sea-disputes/589878.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Cart","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What research framework does the study use to analyze news reporting?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It applies Martin and White’s (2005) appraisal framework, with emphasis on the attitude category.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which time period do the media reports cover?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The corpus is drawn from a three-year period, January 2013 to December 2016.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How do the Philippine and Chinese news reports differ in evaluative stance?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Chinese reports lean toward a more diplomatic stance using evaluative affect and appreciation, while Philippine reports express an implied negative subjective attitude.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},589878,1792166132,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":41,"preview_page_count":4},18829141979164,"https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Advances in Language and Literary Studies  \nISSN: 2203-4714  \n[www.alls.aiac.org.au](www.alls.aiac.org.au)  \n| Investigating the Evaluative Language in Philippine and Chinese News Reports on the South China Sea Disputes\u003Cbr>Rachelle Ballesteros-Lintao*\u003Cbr>Faculty of Arts and Letters, Research Center for Social Sciences and Education, University of Santo Tomas, Thomas Aquinas Research Complex, Espana, Manila 1015 Philippines\u003Cbr>Corresponding Author: Rachelle Ballesteros-Lintao, E-mail: [rblintao@ust.edu.ph](rblintao@ust.edu.ph) |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| ARTICLE INFO | ABSTRACT\u003Cbr>This study examined a cross-cultural perspective on how the top popular press in the Philippines and China portray an evaluative stance as regards the current South China Sea tensions. It set out to reveal the news writers’positions through examining Martin and White’s (2005) appraisal framework particularly the attitude category. The analysis of the media reports from the two countries culled from a three-year period (January 2013-December 2016) focused on how the news writers construed their attitudinal judgment and positions. Findings reveal that the high occurrences of appreciation resources in both corpora provide subtle or indirect expressions of behavioral judgment in the course of journalistic writing where conventions relating to objectivity are necessary. Even if dominated by appreciation evaluative language that construes value of phenomenon relating to aspects of the disputes, affect (manifesting emotions) and judgment (relating to behavior) evaluative resources are employed to reflect or represent the socio-cultural and political contexts, government policy and even capture the local sentiment in which the news reports are written. As regards the difference between the two, the Chinese news reports lean towards a more diplomatic stance through the noteworthy use of evaluative affect and appreciation resources that underscore enhancement of relationship, partnership and accord while the Philippine news reports are more inclined to express implied negative subjective attitudinal stance on the issue. This paper set out the significance of language in framing positions, sentiments, opinions and policies in which meanings are construed in news reports. Examining media discourse from the lens of the appraisal system or evaluative language underscores how subjectivity occurs where beliefs, notions and values in a society are generated. |\n| Article history\u003Cbr>Received: August 26, 2018\u003Cbr>Accepted: October 18, 2018\u003Cbr>Published: December 28, 2018\u003Cbr>Volume: 9 Issue: 6\u003Cbr>Advance access: November 2018 |  |\n| Conflicts of interest: None\u003Cbr>Funding: None |  |\n| Key words:\u003Cbr>Media Discourse,\u003Cbr>South China Sea, Appraisal Framework, Attitude,\u003Cbr>Evaluative Language, News Reports |  |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nMedia representations depict portrayals of people, events, places and other ideas from a specific value perspective or ideological standpoint. Regarded both as a process and a product, representations highlight the process of construction by going beyond mere portrayal or representation but formation of the meaning of reality (Chandler, 2017) . Language, operating as a representational system, serves as a means in framing these positions and ideologies and a key to the processes in which meanings are constructed.  \nEven as news reporting involves a depiction or representation of happenings and situations, Hall et al. (1978) and Shojaei et al. (2013) explain that news reporting has underlying ideological agenda since news reporters and editors deliberate as to what to include and not to include in news reports in the same way as how to portray those aspects picked to be reported. With this, the media do not merely present what is newsworthy but all news discourses reflect the values and ideologies of the news reporters. News which is never neutral is depicted through linguistic representation. As van Dijk (1997) emphasizes, the study of discourse is tied  \nto the ","cbCaikqmAJIb2YMU","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikqmAJIb2YMU","pdf",527827,12,"English","# Abstract\n## Research focus and framework\n## Findings and cross-country differences","[{\"question\":\"What research framework does the study use to analyze news reporting?\",\"answer\":\"It applies Martin and White’s (2005) appraisal framework, with emphasis on the attitude category.\"},{\"question\":\"Which time period do the media reports cover?\",\"answer\":\"The corpus is drawn from a three-year period, January 2013 to December 2016.\"},{\"question\":\"How do the Philippine and Chinese news reports differ in evaluative stance?\",\"answer\":\"Chinese reports lean toward a more diplomatic stance using evaluative affect and appreciation, while Philippine reports express an implied negative subjective attitude.\"}]","Investigating the Evaluative Language in Philippine and Chinese News Reports on the South China Sea Disputes | PDF",1792068313]