[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-600714-105":59,"doc-detail-600714-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","investigating-indian-elementary-and-middle-school-students-images-of-designers-research","Investigating Indian Elementary and Middle School Students' Images of Designers - Research","","Investigation into Indian elementary and middle school students’ images of designers uses a ‘Draw a designer at work’ task with 511 students in Classes 5–9 in Mumbai. Students without design and technology (D&T) experience mostly depict designers as fashion/dress designers or artists, linking design less to engineering and technology. Older students more often show gender and professional stereotypes, with boys portraying design as engineering and building more frequently. Findings inform India’s curriculum development.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/investigating-indian-elementary-and-middle-school-students-images-of-designers-research/600714/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/investigating-indian-elementary-and-middle-school-students-images-of-designers-research/600714.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"dhado","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How was students’ perception of designers measured in the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Through a ‘Draw a designer at work’ test, asking students to produce drawings representing designers’ work and attributes.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What dominant categories did students associate with designers?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Most students identified designers mainly as fashion/dress designers or artists, rather than linking design with engineering and technology.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How did students’ drawings differ by gender and age?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Older students depicted more gender and professional stereotypes. Design as engineering, making, or building was associated more with male designers and appeared more often in boys’ drawings.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},600714,1792189851,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36},5909893218464,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Investigating Indian Elementary and Middle School Students'Images of Designers  \nDr Farhat Ara, Prof Sugra Chunawala and Prof Chitra Natarajan, Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, India  \nRESEARCH  \n50  \nAbstract  \nThis paper presents an investigation into Indian elementary and middle school students’ images of designers. A ‘Draw a designer at work’ test was used with 511 students from Classes 5 to 9 from a school located in Mumbai. Findings from the study indicate that Indian elementary and middle school students, who had no experience in design and technology education (D&T), perceived designers mostly as fashion/ dress designers or artists and designing was associated less with engineering and technology. These results are consistent with an earlier study on Indian middle school students’ ideas about design and designers using written responses, where students demonstrated an incomplete understanding of design and what designers do and associated design with art (Authors, 2011) . In the present study students, mostly older ones depicted gender and professional stereotypes. Design as engineering, making or building were mostly associated with male designers and depicted more often by boys. Insights from the study have implications for curriculum development at the school level in India.  \nKey words  \ndesign and technology education, elementary and middle school students, images of design and designers, India  \nIntroduction  \nImagine a nurse. What images come to mind? Probably the image of a caring female dressed in white (Glick, Wilk and Perreault, 1995; Carpenter, 1995). According to Glick et al (1995), the images of jobs have more to do with the people (their gender, status, life styles, personality traits) doing the jobs, than the tasks involved in those jobs. According to Gottfredson,(in Glick, et al, 1995), long before children are able to verbalize which occupations they might be interested in, they develop images of people, their personalities and work related to those occupations. Garrett, Ein and Tremaine,(1977) reported that children as early as first grade viewed certain occupations as being appropriate for women or men. In a study with Indian students, Rampal (1992) found that although many students reported not having seen a scientist personally, they were able to describe their own images of scientists’ appearance, personalities and work. These occupational stereotypes or popular images of different occupations influence the choice of careers by students (Knight and Cunningham, 2004) . Gottfredson  \nargues that like adults, children distinguish occupations primarily based on two dimensions; prestige (i.e. overall social desirability) and gender.  \nImages and drawings  \nOne way of finding out what images of professionals students hold, is to ask them to draw those professionals. Students' drawings have been used in the perception research literature to explore their ideas and images about various people and professions. Drawings are useful, since they require little or no language mediation. Henrion (in Picker and Berry, 2001) suggests that imagery can provide useful insights into students' underlying beliefs, assumptions and expectations. Early research on children’s drawings focussed mainly on determining the intelligence level of a child. In 1926, Florence Goodenough developed the Draw-A-Man Test (DAMT) to measure intelligence. In the 1950’s Mead and Metraux conducted a pilot study with a sample of thousands of American high school students, where the data collected was mostly qualitative. The study revealed that high school students described scientists in stereotypical terms such as elderly or middleaged males wearing white lab-coats and eye-glasses, working in the laboratory, surrounded by test-tubes and flasks. Overall students were found to carry a negative image of a scientist (Mead and Metraux, 1957) .  \nThe Draw-A-Scientist-Test (DAST) focused on the image","cbCaiuv7R3u54LWA","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuv7R3u54LWA","pdf",591073,16,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Occupational stereotypes and job images\n# Images and drawings\n## Draw-a-Man Test and early drawing research\n## Draw-a-Scientist-Test (DAST) and stereotypes\n## Adaptations of DAST (engineers and other professions)","[{\"question\":\"How was students’ perception of designers measured in the study?\",\"answer\":\"Through a ‘Draw a designer at work’ test, asking students to produce drawings representing designers’ work and attributes.\"},{\"question\":\"What dominant categories did students associate with designers?\",\"answer\":\"Most students identified designers mainly as fashion/dress designers or artists, rather than linking design with engineering and technology.\"},{\"question\":\"How did students’ drawings differ by gender and age?\",\"answer\":\"Older students depicted more gender and professional stereotypes. Design as engineering, making, or building was associated more with male designers and appeared more often in boys’ drawings.\"}]","Investigating Indian Elementary and Middle School Students' Images of Designers - Research | PDF",1792091242]