[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-665573-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":80,"doc-detail-665573-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":73,"head_meta":75,"extra_data":77,"updated_unix":79},105,"en","introduction-to-photoemission-spectroscopy-introduction","Introduction to Photoemission Spectroscopy - Introduction","","Introduction to Photoemission Spectroscopy explains how photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) provides direct access to electronic excitations by analyzing emitted photoelectrons. It introduces the experimental principle, linking measured kinetic energy and angular information to occupied electronic structure and to one-particle Green’s-function content. The chapter further motivates the need for advanced theoretical calculations despite progress in instrumentation, addressing surface sensitivity and expanding volume sensitivity techniques through selected case studies.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/","Technology",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/introduction-to-photoemission-spectroscopy-introduction/665573/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/introduction-to-photoemission-spectroscopy-introduction/665573.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Supernature","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-29",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":33},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"What does photoemission spectroscopy measure in a typical PES experiment?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"It measures the emitted photoelectrons, resolved by kinetic energy and, when desired, emission direction or spin, to infer properties of the electronic structure of the solid.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"How is the photoelectron kinetic energy related to binding energy in PES?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"The kinetic energy follows the energy balance Ekin = hν − EB − Φ0, where hν is the photon energy, EB is the binding energy, and Φ0 is the work function.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"Why does angle-resolved PES allow momentum determination only partially?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"Momentum parallel to the surface is determined from the emission angle and kinetic energy, but the perpendicular component is not strictly conserved because translational symmetry is missing across the surface; additional assumptions about final-state dispersion are needed.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},665573,1793305001,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,91,95,100,104,109,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":88,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},6,50,"technology",{"id":105,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":131},{"doc_id":78,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":101,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":33,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":127,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":79,"read_time":143},962093270004,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","14 Introduction to Photoemission Spectroscopy  \nMichael Sing  \nPhysikalisches Institut and  \nRntgen Center for Complex Material Systems Universitt W rzburg  \nContents  \n1 Introduction 2  \n2 The method 2  \n2.1 Basics ....................................... 2  \n2.2 Many-body picture ................................ 6  \n3 Case studies 8  \n3.1 Low-energy photoemission: Doping a one-dimensional Mott insulator ..... 8  \n3.2 Hard x-ray photoemission: Profiling the buried two-dimensional electron system in an oxide heterostructure .................... 12  \n3.3 Resonant angle-resolved soft x-ray photoemission: Direct k-space mapping of the electronic structure in an oxide-oxide interface .............. 14  \n4 Outlook 16  \nE. Pavarini, E. Koch, D. Vollhardt, and A. Lichtenstein DMFT at 25: Infinite Dimensions  \nModeling and Simulation Vol. 4  \nForschungszentrum Jlich, 2014, ISBN 978-3-89336-953-9  \n[http://www.cond-mat.de/events/correl14](http://www.cond-mat.de/events/correl14)  \n1 Introduction  \nComplex quantum materials are distinguished by their astonishingly huge variety of interesting and often peculiar electronic and magnetic properties which arise from the interplay of charge, spin, lattice, and orbital degrees of freedom. Such phenomena comprise, e.g., ferro-, pyroand piezoelectricity, all kinds of magnetic order, colossal magnetoresistance, high-temperature superconductivity, and metal-insulator transitions. In order to arrive at a microscopic understanding of such diverse behavior the leading low-energy scales of the material under consideration have to be explored. To those, spectroscopic methods grant direct access by probing either low-lying single-particle or charge-neutral particle-hole and collective excitations. The former is realized, e.g., in photoelectron spectroscopy (PES)– lying at the core of this chapter – while the latter typically is implemented in scattering techniques. On the theory side, these two types of spectroscopic information correspond to the physical content of the one-particle and two-particle Green's functions, respectively. Since PES is related to the simpler one-particle Green's function and extremely versatile in that it can be applied to almost all kinds of solidsit has assumed a prominent role among solid-state spectroscopies over the years, in particular whenever many-particle physics is important.  \nAs a well established method PES is the subject of numerous monographs and review articles dealing with all kind of related aspects such as instrumentation, application to atoms, molecules, and solids, and the theoretical description [1–12] . However, it would be entirely wrong to believe that photoemission spectroscopy its theoretical understanding and implementation, is completely developed. The full calculation of photoemission spectra still represents a challenging task (cf. the chapter by J. Minar in this book) and necessitates progressively advanced methods from theory while technological evolution and innovation have made it possible, inter alia, to partially overcome the notorious surface sensitivity of photoemission with acceptable concessions to resolution and acquisition times.  \nIn this chapter, after an introduction to the basics of photoemission spectroscopy the present potential of PES, in particular with regard to some modern techniques with enhanced volume sensitivity, shall be illustrated based on selected examples of complex material systems whose quantitative theoretical description often demands the advanced methods that are presented inmost of the other chapters of this book. For convenience, the examples are taken from our own work.  \n2 The method  \n2.1 Basics  \nIn a PES experiment monochromatic light is directed onto a sample. The emitted photoelectrons are discriminated with respect to their kinetic energy and, depending on the information desired, other observables like emission direction or spin, before they are detected and counted. The principle is sketched in Fig. 1, l","cbCaikRcSf6hHEej","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikRcSf6hHEej","pdf",921318,"English","# Introduction\n# The method\n## Basics\n## Many-body picture\n# Case studies\n## Low-energy photoemission\n## Hard x-ray photoemission\n## Resonant angle-resolved soft x-ray photoemission\n# Outlook","[{\"question\":\"What does photoemission spectroscopy measure in a typical PES experiment?\",\"answer\":\"It measures the emitted photoelectrons, resolved by kinetic energy and, when desired, emission direction or spin, to infer properties of the electronic structure of the solid.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the photoelectron kinetic energy related to binding energy in PES?\",\"answer\":\"The kinetic energy follows the energy balance Ekin = hν − EB − Φ0, where hν is the photon energy, EB is the binding energy, and Φ0 is the work function.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does angle-resolved PES allow momentum determination only partially?\",\"answer\":\"Momentum parallel to the surface is determined from the emission angle and kinetic energy, but the perpendicular component is not strictly conserved because translational symmetry is missing across the surface; additional assumptions about final-state dispersion are needed.\"}]","Introduction to Photoemission Spectroscopy - Introduction | PDF",48]