[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-268296-105":59,"doc-detail-268296-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","introduction-to-cross-laminated-timber","Introduction to Cross Laminated Timber","","Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is an engineered wood system first developed in Europe that has expanded into residential and non-residential construction worldwide. The article summarizes key product attributes and how CLT functions as a structural system, including examples using CLT panels. It also outlines a roadmap for implementing CLT codes and standards in North America and highlights expected obstacles. Background and development pathways from Europe to Canada and the U.S. support the discussion of performance and adoption.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/introduction-to-cross-laminated-timber/268296/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/introduction-to-cross-laminated-timber/268296.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Bintang","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-09","2026-09-14",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",16,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is cross-laminated timber (CLT) and how is it constructed?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"CLT panels are made from multiple layers of structural lumber boards stacked crosswise (typically at 90 degrees) and glued together. Layers are arranged orthogonally alternating, usually with three to seven layers, to achieve structural capacity.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Why did CLT gain popularity in Europe and how did its growth accelerate?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"CLT was introduced in Austria and Germany in the early 1990s and later gained momentum in the early 2000s. Growth was driven by factors such as efficiencies, product approvals, improved marketing and distribution, and interest related to green building.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How is CLT being implemented in North America?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"In Canada and the United States, adoption is supported by changes toward objective-based performance codes and allowances for alternative solutions. Research and standards development include FPInnovations work starting in 2005 and a harmonized product standard published in December 2011 (ANSI/APA PRG 320).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},268296,1789430006,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962085564381,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Introduction to Cross Laminated Timber  \nM. Mohammad, Sylvain Gagnon, Eng., Bradford K. Douglas, P.E., Lisa Podesto P.E.  \nABSTRACT  \nCross-laminated timber (CLT), a new generation of engineered wood product developed initially in Europe, has been gaining popularity in residential and non-residential applications in several countries. Numerous impressive low-and mid-rise buildings built around the world using CLT showcase the many advantages that this product can offer to the construction sector. This article provides basic information on the various attributes of CLT as a product and as structural system in general, and examples of buildings made of CLT panels. A road map for codes and standards implementation of CLT in North America is included, along with an indication of some of the obstacles that can be expected.  \nBRIEF HISTORY  \nCross laminated timber (CLT) is a relatively new building system of interest in North American construction which is helping to define a new class of timber products known as massive timber. It is a potentially costcompetitive wood-based solution that complements the existing light frame and heavy timber options, and is a suitable candidate for some applications which currently use concrete, masonry and steel. CLT is an innovative wood product that was introduced in the early 1990s in Austria and Germany and has been gaining popularity in residential and non-residential applications in Europe. There are currently over one hundred CLT projects in Europe.  \nIn the mid-1990s, Austria undertook an industryacademia joint research effort that resulted in the development of modern CLT [1] . After several slow years, construction in CLT increased significantly in the early 2000s, partially driven by the green building movement but also due to better efficiencies, product approvals, and improved marketing and distribution channels. Another important factor has been the perception that CLT, like masonry and concrete, is a heavy construction system which is typical in multi-story residential construction in many European countries.  \nThe use of CLT panels in buildings has increased over the last few years in Europe. Hundreds of impressive buildings and other types of structures built around the  \nworld using CLT show the many advantages this product can offer to the construction sector. The European experience shows that CLT construction can be competitive, particularly in mid-rise and high-rise buildings. Easy handling during construction and a high level of prefabrication facilitate rapid project completion. This is a key advantage, especially in mid-rise construction (e.g. 5 to 8 storys) . Good thermal insulation, good sound insulation and good performance under fire are added benefits that come as a result of the massive wood structure.  \nDEVELOPMENT OF CLT IN NORTH AMERICA  \nWhile this product is well-established in Europe, work on the implementation of CLT products and systems has just begun in Canada and the United States. The use of CLT in North America is gaining interest in both the construction and wood industries. At this time, there are four North American manufacturers currently producing CLT and several others are in the process of product and manufacturing assessment or have already started pilot production. Under the Transformative Technologies Program of Natural Resources Canada, FPInnovations launched a multi-disciplinary research program on CLTin 2005. Based on these studies and the knowledge gained from the European experience, FPInnovations prepared a peer-reviewed CLT Handbook [1] . More recently, a harmonized North American CLT product standard, Standard for Performance Rated CLT (ANSI/ APA PRG 320) was developed by the ANSI/APA CLT Standard Committee and published in December 2011 [2] .  \nThe driving force behind the development of CLT in North America is the need to provide alternative woodbased products and systems to architects and engineers.  \nIn Canada, adoption of the 2005 an","cbCaiapnUcNe6RB2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiapnUcNe6RB2","pdf",1097782,"English","# Brief History\n# Development of CLT in North America\n# Definition of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT)","[{\"question\":\"What is cross-laminated timber (CLT) and how is it constructed?\",\"answer\":\"CLT panels are made from multiple layers of structural lumber boards stacked crosswise (typically at 90 degrees) and glued together. Layers are arranged orthogonally alternating, usually with three to seven layers, to achieve structural capacity.\"},{\"question\":\"Why did CLT gain popularity in Europe and how did its growth accelerate?\",\"answer\":\"CLT was introduced in Austria and Germany in the early 1990s and later gained momentum in the early 2000s. Growth was driven by factors such as efficiencies, product approvals, improved marketing and distribution, and interest related to green building.\"},{\"question\":\"How is CLT being implemented in North America?\",\"answer\":\"In Canada and the United States, adoption is supported by changes toward objective-based performance codes and allowances for alternative solutions. Research and standards development include FPInnovations work starting in 2005 and a harmonized product standard published in December 2011 (ANSI/APA PRG 320).\"}]","Introduction to Cross Laminated Timber | PDF",25]