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\nintellectual freedom  \nSoVIET PHYSICIST A.D.SAKHAROV ON  \nPeaceful CoexistenceandIntellectual Freedom  \nSiddhartha Publications(P)Ltd.,35 Netaji Subhas Marg,Delhi-6  \n1968  \nFirst published:1968  \nPrice:Rs,2/-  \n# INTRODUCTION\n\nFoLLOWING is the text of an essay,titled“Thoughts on Pro-gress,Peaceful Coexistence and Intellectual Freedcm,\"byAcademician Andrei D.Sakharov,Soviet physicist,as trans-lated by The New York Times from the Russian manuscript:  \nHere is The New York Times'account of the role andachievements of the great Soviet scientist:  \n\"In the fall of 1958,the Soviet Communist Party newspaper,Pravda,opened its authoritative pages to the views of twoprominent nuclear physicists in a nation-wide debate on educa-tional reform.  \n“Academician Andrei D.Sakharov,then 37 years old,anda fellow academician Yakov B.Zeldovich,urged separate schoolsfor specially gifted children to train the future generations ofscientists at an early age.  \n\"The authors contended that it was indisputable that mathe-maticians and physicists,at least,were most productive in theearly stages of their careers and that many of the great dis-coveries in those fields had been made by scientists aged 22to 26.  \n\"Dr Sakharov,for one,was reasoning from personalexperience.He earned his doctorate in physics at the age of  \n26,joined in making a major physical discovery at the age of29 and,at 32,was elected a member of the Academy ofSciences,the most prestigious position for a Soviet scientist,having skipped the usual intermediate stage of correspondingmember.  \n\"In recent years Dr Sakharov(pronounced SAH-khahroff)has continued to voice his views on public affairs.But insteadof being officially sanctioned by publication in Pravda his  \nopinions,often critical of domestic and foreign policy,werecirculating in manuscript among friends and associates.  \n\"His latest essay,written in June and now available here,outlines a plan for Soviet-American cooperation and ultimaterapprochement that he views as the only way to save mankindfrom thermonuclear war,overpopulation and famine,andpollution of the environment.  \n“As a member of the scientific and technological elite ofSoviet society,and as a man with broad intellectual horizonsand range of interests,Dr Sakharov has not been afraid tospeak out,even if his views are in conflict with official policy.  \n\"In the spring of 1966,as the new Soviet leadership waspreparing to convoke the 23rd congress of the CommunistParty,the country was abuzz with rumours that Mr Khrush-chev's successors were planning to rectify his unqualified 1956condemnation of Stalin's rule.  \n\"Academician Sakharov then joined fellow nuclear physicistsand other intellectuals in a petition sent to Leonid I.Brezhnev,the new Party chief,opposing any planned restoration ofStalin's status.The petitioners said the Soviet people ‘willnever understand or accept'a rehabilitation of Stalin and theywarned of a new split in Communist ranks,between the SovietParty and the Communist parties of the West,if such a stepwere taken.  \n\"It is unclear whether the high prestige of the signatoriesand their argument proved persuasive,but no dramatic steps tochange Stalin's status were taken at the congress in 1966.  \n\"Later that year,Dr Sakharov again joined a group of peti-tioners,this time to object to a newly adopted decree that madeunauthorized protest demonstrations a crime.  \n\"Entirely the product of the Soviet period,Andrei Dmitriye-vich Sakharov was born May 21,1921,and was graduated fromMoscow University during the war year of 1942.Scarcepublished biographical data contain no information about hispersonal life or family background.  \n\"He joined the Lebedev Institute of Physics in Moscow,where he earned his doctorate in 1947 while working with DrIgor Y.Tamm,a specialist in quantum mechanics who,in 1958,became one of the three Russians to share the Nobel Prize inPhysics.  \n\"Research by Dr Tamm and his student led ","cbCaivLreTiVIaPX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivLreTiVIaPX","pdf",3527494,58,"English","# INTRODUCTION","[{\"question\":\"What does the introduction state about the origin of the essay text?\",\"answer\":\"It says the following is the text of an essay titled “Thoughts on Pro-gress, Peaceful Coexistence and Intellectual Freedcm,” attributed to Andrei D. Sakharov and translated from the Russian manuscript by The New York Times.\"},{\"question\":\"How is Sakharov described in relation to the 1958 Pravda debate?\",\"answer\":\"He is presented as a leading nuclear physicist who, along with another academician, urged separate schools for specially gifted children for early training of future scientists.\"},{\"question\":\"What later concerns are mentioned about Sakharov’s public activities and views?\",\"answer\":\"The text notes that his opinions—often critical of policy—circulated in manuscript among friends, and it describes his participation in petitions opposing Stalin’s rehabilitation and objecting to new rules criminalizing unauthorized protest demonstrations.\"}]","INTRODUCTION - Following is the text of an essay titled“Thoughts on Progress,Peaceful Coexistence and Intellectual Freedom” - Academia Andrei D. Sakharov | PDF",1791869651,89]