[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-600029-105":59,"doc-detail-600029-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","introducing-students-to-critical-border-and-migration-theories-in-an-era-of-xenophobia","Introducing Students to Critical Border and Migration Theories in an Era of Xenophobia","","Rising xenophobia, especially in the United States, makes it necessary to introduce critical border and migration theories in the classroom. These theories problematize nationalist approaches that treat borders and migration mainly as interests of the nation-state rather than as rights of migrants, and they connect strongly to debates over open borders. The article explains these theories through philosophical, ethical, and economic perspectives, arguing for teaching them despite controversy as migrant rights are often limited or ignored.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/introducing-students-to-critical-border-and-migration-theories-in-an-era-of-xenophobia/600029/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/introducing-students-to-critical-border-and-migration-theories-in-an-era-of-xenophobia/600029.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"nayy☆","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the central purpose of the article?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To explain why critical border and migration theories should be introduced in classrooms amid rising xenophobia, particularly in the United States.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do the critical theories challenge common views of borders and migration?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"They problematize nationalist perspectives focused on nation-state desires rather than migrants’ rights, and they relate to open-borders ideas.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which U.S. developments are cited as examples of increasing hostility toward immigrants?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The text references policy shifts during the Trump administration, including actions affecting DACA, expanded deportations, family separation at the border, and proposals involving school policies and ICE involvement.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},600029,1792384679,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36},962090893153,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","| | Introducing Students to Critical Border and |\n| --- | --- |\n|  | Migration Theories in an Era of Xenophobia |\n\nWilliam McCorkle, College of Charleston  \nAbstract  \nWith the current rise of xenophobia, particularly in the United States, critical border and migration theories need to be introduced in the classroom. Critical border and migration theories refer to a range of theories, that often go by differing names, which seek toproblematize the modern nationalistic perspectives on borders and migration that center largely on the desire of the nation-state instead of the rights of migrants (Carens, 1987; Juss, 2004; Author 1, 2018a). It is also strongly correlated with the concept of open borders. This article provides a broad understanding of these critical theories from aphilosophical, ethical, and economic perspective and the rationale for why these more abstract and universal ideas of migration and borders should be introduced in the classroom despite the controversy they can generate. This focus is of particular importance in an era where the rights of migrants are often limited or disregarded completely.  \nKeywords: critical borders and migration, open borders, teaching immigration  \nIntroduction  \nThe topic of immigration is one of the most controversial in American society. There are those who want to completely seal up borders and those who want to be more generous to those seeking asylum and a better life. However, often the actual ideas about the sovereign rights of nation-states to stop migration is never questioned neither is the idea even considered that human migration should be an unalienable right (Bregman, 2014; Carens, 1987) . The focus of this article is the need to introduce these ideas of critical borders and migration, especially during a time in the nation where the antagonism towards immigration is growing not only in the United States but throughout the world (Hagopian, 2015) . Special consideration is given to the importance of these critical concepts in the United States educational system.  \nModern Immigration Context  \nThe United States  \nThe United States society has reached a tragic point in our understanding and relationship with borders and migration. An over attachment to “sovereign” borders and a hostility towards foreign migrants has helped lead to the rise of dangerous demagogues in our political process that puts not only immigrants, but the whole democratic system, in jeopardy. In the past, some of these anti-immigrant attitudes were disguised in the language of national defense or security. It was not  \nappropriate to publicly and directly go after certain immigrant groups. However, with the rise of President Donald Trump, the anti-immigrant rhetoric has become more direct and vicious. Policies that were once seen as extreme have become normalized. An example of this antagonism towards the immigrant community occurred on September 5, 2017, when President Donald Trump announced that the Justice Department would be rescinding DACA (Shear & Davis, 2017) . This was a move that was part ofa larger pattern of anti-immigrant policies from the Trump administration in its first year in power.  \nThe administration also announced that they would be increasing deportations and targeting a broader swath of the undocumented population, not just those who are criminals, which was the group primarily targeted under the Obama administration (Medina, 2017) . The Justice Department under Attorney General, Jeff Sessions, also took a more hardline approach to immigration issues including seeking to rush immigration cases through the judicial system, thus potentially limiting any true due process (“Sessions’ Plan for Immigration Courts,” 2017) .  \nIn early 2018, the Trump administration announced that it would be the official policy of the United States to separate children from their parents at the border (Horwitz & Saccehetti, 2018). This policy was even extended to some of those who are seeking asylum (","cbCaioQMoKswfkqR","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioQMoKswfkqR","pdf",278375,16,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Modern Immigration Context\n## The United States","[{\"question\":\"What is the central purpose of the article?\",\"answer\":\"To explain why critical border and migration theories should be introduced in classrooms amid rising xenophobia, particularly in the United States.\"},{\"question\":\"How do the critical theories challenge common views of borders and migration?\",\"answer\":\"They problematize nationalist perspectives focused on nation-state desires rather than migrants’ rights, and they relate to open-borders ideas.\"},{\"question\":\"Which U.S. developments are cited as examples of increasing hostility toward immigrants?\",\"answer\":\"The text references policy shifts during the Trump administration, including actions affecting DACA, expanded deportations, family separation at the border, and proposals involving school policies and ICE involvement.\"}]","Introducing Students to Critical Border and Migration Theories in an Era of Xenophobia | PDF",1792089893]