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This pilot case-control study analyzed term male infants (n=6 cases, n=16 controls), testing meconium for BPA, BPS, BPF, methylparaben, and propylparaben using a novel laboratory procedure.",{"@graph":14,"@context":77},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/intrauterine-exposure-to-endocrine-disrupting-chemicals-and-risk-of-hypospadias-a-pilot-study/418128/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/intrauterine-exposure-to-endocrine-disrupting-chemicals-and-risk-of-hypospadias-a-pilot-study/418128.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Miles","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",9,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69,73],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the study investigating about hypospadias?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The study evaluates whether intrauterine exposure to environmental phenols and/or parabens is associated with hypospadias risk.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How was exposure measured in the pilot study?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Meconium from term male infants was tested for bisphenol-A, bisphenol-S, bisphenol-F, methylparaben, and propylparaben using a novel lab procedure.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What were the main findings related to BPA and outcomes?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"BPA concentrations were higher in cases than controls, and higher BPA was associated with shorter anogenital distance (AGD); higher BPS and BPA were associated with shorter stretched penile length (SPL), though differences were not statistically significant for group comparisons.",{"name":74,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":75},"Why are further studies needed?",{"text":76,"@type":64},"The study is limited by a small sample size and was underpowered to detect conclusive differences, so additional research on EDC exposure and genitourinary outcomes is warranted.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":79,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":81,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":83,"site_id":7},418128,1790717404,{"code":4,"msg":86,"data":87},"success",[88,92,96,100,105,110,114,119,123,126,130],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":121,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":125},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":129},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":133},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":86,"data":135},{"doc_id":83,"user_id":136,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":111,"language":143,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":144,"faqs":145,"seo_title":146,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":147,"read_time":148,"preview_page_count":4},13056703019404,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Intrauterine Exposure to Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals and Risk of Hypospadias: A Pilot Study  \nCara V. Tillotson, 1 Anna Sonnett Fisher, 1 Khue Nguyen,2 Zoltan Antal,3 Beizhan Yan,2 Christina P. Carpenter,4 Patricia Vuguin, 1 Julie Herbstman,5 and Sharon Oberfield 1  \n1 Pediatric Endocrinology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA 2Geochemistry, Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY 10964, USA 3 Pediatric Endocrinology, Weill-Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA  \n4 Pediatric Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA  \n5Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA Correspondence: Cara Vita Tillotson, DO, Columbia University Medical Center and Carilion Clinic, 4348 Electric Rd, Roanoke, VA 24018, USA. Email: cvtillotson@ [carilionclinic.org](carilionclinic.org).  \nAbstract  \nContext: Hypospadias is a common malformation, which can be caused by a disruption of hormone signaling during development. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) cross the placenta and can interfere with hormone synthesis and metabolism.  \nObjective: To evaluate whether intrauterine exposure to environmental phenols and/or parabens is associated with hypospadias.  \nMethods: This was a case-control pilot study of term infant males with (n = 6) and without (n = 16) hypospadias. Meconium was tested for bisphenol-A (BPA), bisphenol-S (BPS), bisphenol-F (BPF), methylparaben (MePb), and propylparaben (PrPb) using a novel lab procedure. Results: BPA concentrations were higher in cases vs controls, though this difference was not statistically significant. Higher meconium concentration of BPA was associated with shorter Anogenital distance (AGD); higher BPS and BPA were associated with shorter stretched penile length (SPL) . There were no significant differences for BPS, BPF, MePb, or PrPb.  \nConclusion: This study demonstrated that EDCs were present in meconium samples, supporting the hypothesis that maternal exposure results in fetal exposure during a time of critical fetal urogenital development. Our data suggests a pattern of higher BPA in cases of hypospadias compared to controls while BPA and BPS were inversely related to AGD and SPL. However, the study is limited by small sample size and therefore was underpowered to detect conclusive differences between the 2 groups. Further studies in EDC exposure and genitourinary differences are warranted.  \nKey Words: endocrine-disrupting chemicals, neonatology, genitourinary development, hypospadias, bisphenol, paraben  \nHypospadias is among the most common congenital malformations, affecting approximately 1 in 150 live births in the United States, though the etiology of this condition is still largely unknown (1, 2). Approximately 30% of cases are associated with genetic conditions suggesting that nongenetic factors play an important role in the etiology of the majority of hypospadias (3) . Genital development in the fetus is guided by an early (week 8-12 gestation), hormone-independent stage and a second stage (week 11-16) during which androgens drive the development of the urethra in males (2). It is during this androgen-driven stage that hypospadias may develop. Animal studies have indicated that hypospadias is caused by a disruption in hormonal signaling during embryonic development (2, 4, 5). Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances that have been shown to interfere with hormone synthesis and metabolism (6-8) .  \nEnvironmental phenols are a group of chemicals primarily used in the production of plastic products, to which most Americans are exposed in their environment (9-11). Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a widely recognized EDC and has been  \nassociated with reproductive and neurodevelopmental birth defects, particularly during in utero exposure in animal model studies and in humans (12-16). Evidence has suggested that 2 BPA alte","cbCaien9ZRo3dOV4","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaien9ZRo3dOV4","pdf",402712,"English","# Abstract\n## Context\n## Objective\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Background\n## Hypospadias and fetal development\n## Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and bisphenols\n## Parabens","[{\"question\":\"What is the study investigating about hypospadias?\",\"answer\":\"The study evaluates whether intrauterine exposure to environmental phenols and/or parabens is associated with hypospadias risk.\"},{\"question\":\"How was exposure measured in the pilot study?\",\"answer\":\"Meconium from term male infants was tested for bisphenol-A, bisphenol-S, bisphenol-F, methylparaben, and propylparaben using a novel lab procedure.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the main findings related to BPA and outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"BPA concentrations were higher in cases than controls, and higher BPA was associated with shorter anogenital distance (AGD); higher BPS and BPA were associated with shorter stretched penile length (SPL), though differences were not statistically significant for group comparisons.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are further studies needed?\",\"answer\":\"The study is limited by a small sample size and was underpowered to detect conclusive differences, so additional research on EDC exposure and genitourinary outcomes is warranted.\"}]","Intrauterine Exposure to Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals and Risk of Hypospadias - A Pilot Study | PDF",1790612086,18]