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few weeks ago, the Anti-Defamation League added what was once an innocuous internet meme – Pepe the Frog – to its list of hate symbols, which also includes the swastika and the Confederate flag. The cartoon had become an unofficial mascot for the alt-right, a group of internet users that trade in and disperse racist and threatening online messages. But can internet memes – which often mutate as they spread virally on the web—truly be a symbol of any one thing, hateful or otherwise?  \nBefore continuing with the assignments’ directions below, please closely read the four attached articles (all published in the New York Times on October 3rd, 2016) . Use the e-text links at the bottom of each article to explore the links within each text.  \nArticle Annotations & One-Sentence Summaries  \nFor each article, annotate (circle/mark/underline related information within the text itself along with small written notes) the hardcopies and use the space in the margins to address each of the following elements:  \n􀀀 What is the author’s main argument (i.e. , thesis) in the article? Highlight it.  \n􀀀 What evidence or reasoning does he or she use to support that argument?  \n􀀀 Number the paragraphs in the article and make marginal notes about how each paragraph is related to the one before and after it.  \n􀀀 What is the author’s background (e.g. , education, profession), and how might it affect his or her perspective on the issues that he or she addresses in the article?(You’ll want to do a bit of informal research on each author.)  \n􀀀 Which of the eight academic lenses (i.e. , cultural/social, artistic/philosophical, ethical, political/historical, futuristic, environmental, economic, scientific) does this author seem to be primarily coming from?  \n􀀀 Beneath the article, write a one-sentence summary of the article’s purpose (the effect that author would like the article to have on its readers’ thoughts or actions) .  \nFurther Research & Discussion Questions  \n􀀀 After annotating and summarizing all four articles, consider which of the eight academic lenses were not represented by any of the four authors’ arguments. Choose one of them through which to conduct further research. Use the research databases (e.g. , Gale , EBSCO) to find an article that addresses a topic related to any of the articles’ content, arguments, evidence, or reasoning. Email the article to yourself as well as one of your teammates, and be ready to discuss it in class on the due date.  \n􀀀 Lastly, please create four discussion questions (that cannot be answered with a simple yes/no) related to any of the issues involved with this assignment (i.e. , the articles themselves or your further research); bring those questions to class , written down and headed with your name and period) for our scheduled class discussion.  \nA Meme Can Become a Hate Symbol by Social Consensus  \nRyan M. Milner, an assistant professor of communication at the College of Charleston, and Whitney Phillips, a professor of literary studies and writing at Mercer University, are the authors of the forthcoming book, “The Ambivalent Internet: Mischief, Oddity and Antagonism Online. \"  \nCreated by the cartoonist Matt Furie in 2005, the crudely drawn frog now known as Pepe spread on the internet messageboard 4chan as a quick visual stand-in for common emotional states (like when something “feels good man”). Pepe’s popularity (even over-popularity) came from the myriad iterations of his various facial expressions and catch phrases that were woven into online conversation and play.  \nPepe has only recently been harnessed by the alt-right as a symbol for white supremacy, and more broadly to express support for the group's “God Emperor,” Donald Trump. It is highly likely that this appropriation was meant as a joke, one intended to goad mainstream journalistsand politicians into, first, panicking over a cartoon frog and, second, providing the alt-right abroader platform—an objective, if that was indeed the objective, tha","cbCaiaWkc1Y5oWBp","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaWkc1Y5oWBp","pdf",346995,"English","# Article Annotations & One-Sentence Summaries\n## Main argument (thesis) and supporting evidence\n## Paragraph numbering and paragraph-to-paragraph connections\n## Author background and influence on perspective\n## Selecting the primary academic lens\n## One-sentence purpose summary\n# Further Research & Discussion Questions\n## Choose a missing academic lens\n## Use research databases and share sources\n## Prepare four discussion questions for class","[{\"question\":\"这项作业要求对四篇《纽约时报》文章做哪些标注与总结？\",\"answer\":\"需要在文中圈画标注相关信息并写边注：提炼作者主要论点、标出证据或推理、对段落编号并说明段落间联系，还要研究作者背景并判断其主要采用的学术视角，最后为每篇文章写一句话概括作者目的。\"},{\"question\":\"作者背景与学术视角在作业中扮演什么作用？\",\"answer\":\"作业要求通过对作者教育与职业等背景的了解，判断其背景可能如何影响其对议题的理解与立场；同时需从八种学术视角中选择作者主要采用的视角来解释其论述方式。\"},{\"question\":\"完成标注后如何开展进一步研究并准备课堂讨论？\",\"answer\":\"先确定八种学术视角中四位作者未涉及的方向，选其一进行深入研究。随后使用研究数据库检索与文章内容、论点、证据或推理相关的文章，并把材料发送给自己与同组成员，按指定日期在课堂上进行讨论。\"}]","Internet Memes and Hate Symbols: Reading and Discussion Assignment | PDF",1790161335]